INRA, UMR BIOEMCO, Site de l'ENS, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010 Jul;397(5):1723-32. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-3642-7. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
Harmful phytoplankton species are a growing problem in freshwater and marine ecosystems, because of their ability to synthesize toxins that threaten both animal and human health. The monitoring of these microorganisms has so far been based on conventional methods, mainly involving the microscopic counting and identification of cells, and using analytical and bioanalytical methods to identify and quantify the toxins. However, the increasing number of microbial sequences in the GeneBank database and the development of new tools in the last 15 years nowadays enables the use of molecular methods for detection and quantification of harmful phytoplankton species and their toxins. These methods provide species-level identification of the microorganisms of interest, and their early detection in the environment by PCR techniques. Moreover, real time PCR can be used to quantify the cells of interest, and in some cases to evaluate the proportion of toxin-producing and non-toxin-producing genotypes in a population. Recently, microarray technologies have also been used to achieve simultaneous detection and semi-quantification of harmful species in environmental samples. These methods look very promising, but so far their use remains limited to research. The need for validation for routine use and the cost of these methods still hamper their use in monitoring programs.
有害浮游植物物种是淡水和海洋生态系统中日益严重的问题，因为它们能够合成威胁动物和人类健康的毒素。这些微生物的监测迄今为止一直基于传统方法，主要涉及细胞的微观计数和鉴定，以及使用分析和生物分析方法来鉴定和量化毒素。然而，GeneBank 数据库中微生物序列的数量不断增加，以及过去 15 年来新工具的发展，使得现在可以使用分子方法来检测和定量有害浮游植物物种及其毒素。这些方法提供了感兴趣微生物的种属水平鉴定，以及通过 PCR 技术对其在环境中的早期检测。此外，实时 PCR 可用于定量感兴趣的细胞，并且在某些情况下可以评估种群中产毒和非产毒基因型的比例。最近，微阵列技术也已用于实现环境样本中有害物种的同时检测和半定量。这些方法看起来很有前途，但迄今为止，它们的使用仍然仅限于研究。常规使用的验证需求和这些方法的成本仍然阻碍了它们在监测计划中的使用。
