Evidence-based management of patients undergoing PCI: contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. CI-AKI is highly prevalent in patients with well-known risk factors, including older age, chronic renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. Thus far, no strategies have been shown to be effective in preventing CI-AKI beyond thorough patient selection, minimizing the amount of contrast agent, and meticulous hydration of the patient. The role of various drugs in preventing CI-AKI is still controversial and warrants future studies. Despite the remaining uncertainty regarding the degree of nephrotoxicity produced by various contrast agents, nonionic low-osmolar contrast media may be preferred in patients at high risk for CI-AKI.