Alibardi Lorenzo
Università di Bologna, Dipto. Bilogia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Italy.
Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2010;207:iii, v-x, 1-109.
The present review deals with the analysis of the cytological processes occurring during tissue regeneration in the tail and limb of lizards. These reptiles are considered as a model to understand the process of tissue regeneration in all amniotes. The review begins with some evaluative considerations on the origin of tail regeneration in comparison with the failure of limb regeneration, a unique case among amniotes. The formation of the tail in the embryo and the possible accumulation of stem cells in autotomy planes of the tail are discussed. The histological and ultrastructural processes occurring during blastema formation and tail regeneration and during limb cicatrization are presented. The comparison stresses the scarce to absent inflammatory reaction present in the tail in contrast to the massive inflammatory response in the limb leading to scarring. In fact the experimental inducement of a strong inflammation in the tail also leads to scarring. The importance of the nervous system in stimulating tail regeneration in lizards is emphasized. The presence of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins during wound healing of the tail and limb is introduced. The review concludes by stressing the importance of the lizard model of tissue regeneration for medical studies and applications.
本综述涉及对蜥蜴尾巴和肢体组织再生过程中发生的细胞学过程的分析。这些爬行动物被视为理解所有羊膜动物组织再生过程的模型。综述首先对尾巴再生的起源进行了一些评估性思考，并与肢体再生失败进行了比较，肢体再生失败在羊膜动物中是一个独特的案例。讨论了胚胎中尾巴的形成以及尾巴自残平面中干细胞的可能积累。介绍了在芽基形成、尾巴再生以及肢体瘢痕形成过程中发生的组织学和超微结构过程。比较强调了尾巴中存在的炎症反应稀少甚至不存在，这与肢体中导致瘢痕形成的大量炎症反应形成对比。事实上，在尾巴中实验性诱导强烈炎症也会导致瘢痕形成。强调了神经系统在刺激蜥蜴尾巴再生中的重要性。介绍了尾巴和肢体伤口愈合过程中生长因子和细胞外基质蛋白的存在。综述最后强调了蜥蜴组织再生模型在医学研究和应用中的重要性。
