Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 28;58(8):4681-92. doi: 10.1021/jf904211q.
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the seeds, skin, and pulp of eight cultivars of Florida-grown muscadine grapes and to identify the phenolic compounds in these respective portions. Total phenolic contents were determined colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and antioxidant capacity was determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array (HPLC-DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (ESI-MS(n)) was used to identify the phenolic compounds in the seeds, skin, and pulp of muscadine grapes. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, based on fresh weight, were highest in seeds followed by skin and pulp. On average, 87.1, 11.3, and 1.6% of phenolic compounds were present in seeds, skin, and pulp, respectively. A total of 88 phenolic compounds of diverse structures were tentatively identified in muscadines, which included 17 in the pulp, 28 in the skin, and 43 in the seeds. Seventeen compounds were identified for the first time in muscadine grapes. The compounds identified in seeds included hydrolyzable tannins, flavan-3-ols and condensed tannins, ellagic acid derivatives, and quercetin rhamnoside. The skin contained hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, including anthocyanin 3,5-diglucosides, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol glycosides.
本研究旨在测定并比较佛罗里达州种植的 8 个品种麝香葡萄的种子、果皮和果肉中的总酚含量和抗氧化能力，并鉴定这些不同部位的酚类化合物。采用 Folin-Ciocalteu 试剂比色法测定总酚含量，采用氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）法测定抗氧化能力。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列（HPLC-DAD）和电喷雾电离质谱（ESI-MS(n))联用技术鉴定麝香葡萄种子、果皮和果肉中的酚类化合物。基于鲜重，种子中的总酚含量和抗氧化能力最高，其次是果皮和果肉。平均而言，种子、果皮和果肉中酚类化合物分别占 87.1%、11.3%和 1.6%。在麝香葡萄中，共鉴定出 88 种不同结构的酚类化合物，其中果肉中有 17 种，果皮中有 28 种，种子中有 43 种。有 17 种化合物是首次在麝香葡萄中鉴定出来的。种子中鉴定出的化合物包括可水解单宁、黄烷-3-醇和缩合单宁、鞣花酸衍生物和槲皮苷鼠李糖苷。果皮中含有可水解单宁、类黄酮，包括矢车菊素 3,5-二葡萄糖苷、槲皮素、杨梅素和山奈酚糖苷。
