US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, PO Box 4459, Hilo, HI, USA.
J Insect Sci. 2007;7:57. doi: 10.1673/031.007.5701.
The use of toxic protein bait sprays to suppress melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), populations typically involves application to vegetation bordering agricultural host areas where the adults seek shelter ("roost"). Although bait spray applications for suppression of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), populations have traditionally been applied to the host crop, rather than to crop borders, roosting by oriental fruit flies in borders of some crop species, such as papaya, Carica papaya L. (Brassicales: Caricaceae), suggests that bait spray applications to crop borders could also help in suppression of B. dorsalis populations. In order to develop improved recommendations for application of bait sprays to border plants for suppression of melon fly and oriental fruit fly populations, the relative attractiveness of a range of plant species, in a vegetative (non-flowering) stage, was tested to wild melon fly and oriental fruit fly populations established in a papaya orchard in Hawaii. A total of 20 plant species were evaluated, divided into four categories: 1) border plants, including corn, Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae), windbreaks and broad-leaved ornamentals, 7 species; 2) weed plants commonly found in agricultural fields in Hawaii, 6 species; 3) host crop plants, 1 species- zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L. (Violales: Curcurbitaceae), and 4) locally grown fruit trees, 6 species. Plants were established in pots and placed in an open field, in clusters encircling protein bait traps, 20 m away from the papaya orchard. Castor bean, Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae), panax, Polyscias guilfoylei (Bull) Bailey (Apiales: Araliaceae), tiger's claw, Erythnna variegata L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) were identified as preferred roosting hosts for the melon fly, and tiger's claw, panax, castor bean, Canada cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), Brazilian pepper tree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), ti plant, Cordyline terminate (L.) Chev.(Liliales: Liliaceae), guava and several Citrus spp. were identified as preferred roosting hosts for oriental fruit fly. Guava had not previously been identified as a preferred roosting host for melon fly. Other than for the use of panax as a roosting host, there has previously been little attention to roosting hosts for oriental fruit fly. Establishment of preferred roosting hosts as crop borders may help to improve suppression of both fruit fly species by providing sites for bait spray applications. Further research is needed to assess the use of vegetation bordering other host crops as roosting hosts, especially for oriental fruit fly.
利用有毒蛋白诱饵喷雾来抑制瓜实蝇，Bactrocera cucurbitae（Coquillett）（双翅目：实蝇科）种群，通常涉及到对农业寄主区域边缘植被的应用，成虫在那里寻求庇护（“栖息”）。尽管东方果实蝇，Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）种群的诱饵喷雾应用传统上是应用于寄主作物，而不是作物边界，但在一些作物物种的边界上，如木瓜，Carica papaya L.（Brassicales：Caricaceae），东方果实蝇的栖息表明，在作物边界应用诱饵喷雾也有助于抑制 B. dorsalis 种群。为了制定改进的应用建议，在抑制瓜实蝇和东方果实蝇种群方面，在夏威夷的一个木瓜果园中，对一系列植物物种的相对吸引力进行了测试，这些植物物种处于植被（非开花）阶段，并建立了野生瓜实蝇和东方果实蝇种群。总共评估了 20 种植物，分为四类：1）边界植物，包括玉米，Zea mays L.（禾本科：禾本科），防风林和阔叶观赏植物，7 种；2）在夏威夷农业领域常见的杂草植物，6 种；3）寄主作物植物，1 种-南瓜，Cucurbita pepo L.（堇菜目：葫芦科），和 4）当地种植的果树，6 种。植物被种植在花盆中，并放置在一个开阔的田野中，围绕着蛋白质诱饵陷阱的集群，距离木瓜果园 20 米。蓖麻，Ricinus communis L.（大戟目：大戟科），人参，Polyscias guilfoylei（Bull）Bailey（伞形目：伞形科），虎爪，Erythnna variegata L.（豆科：Fabaceae）和番石榴，Psidium guajava L.（桃金娘目：桃金娘科）被确定为瓜实蝇的首选栖息宿主，而虎爪、人参、蓖麻、加拿大苍耳，Xanthium strumarium L.（菊科：菊科）、巴西花椒树，Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi（漆树科：漆树科）、蒂植物，Cordyline terminate（L.）Chev.（百合目：百合科）、番石榴和几种柑橘属植物被确定为东方果实蝇的首选栖息宿主。番石榴以前没有被确定为瓜实蝇的首选栖息宿主。除了将人参用作栖息宿主外，以前很少关注东方果实蝇的栖息宿主。将首选的栖息宿主作为作物边界建立起来，可以帮助改善对两种实蝇物种的抑制作用，为诱饵喷雾的应用提供场所。需要进一步研究来评估其他寄主作物的植被边界作为栖息宿主的用途，特别是对东方果实蝇。
