Prokopy Ronald J, Miller Neil W, Piñero Jaime C, Barry James D, Tran Linda C, Oride Leslie, Vargas Roger I
Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2003 Oct;96(5):1485-93. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-96.5.1485.
In a field study in Hawaii, color-marked protein-deprived and protein-fed female melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, were released within canopies of unsprayed sorghum plants (a nonhost of melon flies) outside of a border area of unsprayed or bait-sprayed sorghum plants or open space that surrounded cucumbers, a favored host of melon flies. Application of bait spray to sorghum or sugarcane surrounding host plants of melon flies is a common practice for melon fly control in Hawaii. GF-120 Fruit Fly Bait spray proved very effective in preventing protein-deprived females from alighting on cucumbers (23% of released females were observed dead on bait-sprayed sorghum; 0% were observed alive on cucumbers), but proved less effective in suppressing protein-fed females (14% of released females were observed dead on bait-sprayed sorghum; 11% were observed alive on cucumbers). No females were found dead on unsprayed sorghum. Compared with open space surrounding cucumbers, the presence of unsprayed sorghum as surrounding border area neither significantly enhanced nor significantly inhibited the ability of either type of female with respect to finding cucumbers. Greenhouse cage assays revealed that compared with droplets of water, droplets of GF-120 Fruit Fly Bait spray were highly attractive to protein-deprived females within 1 h of bait spray application to sorghum, but lost about half of their attractiveness within 5 h and all of it within 24 h under the dry greenhouse conditions used for maintaining baited-sprayed sorghum plants in these assays. Laboratory cup assays showed that bait spray droplets remained highly toxic to protein-deprived females 24 h after application, but lost nearly half of their toxicity within 4 d under laboratory exposure and nearly all of it after approximately 8 mm of rainfall. Combined findings suggest that application of GF-120 Fruit Fly Bait spray to nonhost plants for melon fly control either be made often enough to overcome loss of attractiveness of bait spray droplets to females or that bait spray be applied to nonhost plants that are themselves attractive to the females.
在夏威夷进行的一项田间研究中，将带有颜色标记的蛋白质缺乏型和蛋白质充足型雌性瓜实蝇（Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett）释放到未喷洒农药的高粱植株冠层内（高粱不是瓜实蝇的寄主），这些高粱植株位于未喷洒农药或喷洒诱饵的高粱植株边界区域之外，或者位于环绕着黄瓜（瓜实蝇偏爱的寄主）的开阔空间之外。对瓜实蝇寄主植物周围的高粱或甘蔗喷洒诱饵喷雾是夏威夷控制瓜实蝇的常见做法。GF - 120果蝇诱饵喷雾在防止蛋白质缺乏型雌性瓜实蝇降落在黄瓜上方面非常有效（在喷洒诱饵的高粱上观察到23%的释放雌性死亡；在黄瓜上未观察到有存活的），但在抑制蛋白质充足型雌性瓜实蝇方面效果较差（在喷洒诱饵的高粱上观察到14%的释放雌性死亡；在黄瓜上观察到11%有存活的）。在未喷洒农药的高粱上未发现有雌性死亡。与黄瓜周围的开阔空间相比，未喷洒农药的高粱作为周边边界区域，对任何一种类型的雌性瓜实蝇寻找黄瓜的能力既没有显著增强也没有显著抑制。温室笼子试验表明，与水滴相比，在对高粱喷洒GF - 120果蝇诱饵喷雾后1小时内，喷雾液滴对蛋白质缺乏型雌性瓜实蝇具有高度吸引力，但在这些试验中用于维持喷洒诱饵的高粱植株的干燥温室条件下，5小时内其吸引力丧失了约一半，24小时内全部丧失。实验室杯状试验表明，诱饵喷雾液滴在施用后24小时内对蛋白质缺乏型雌性瓜实蝇仍具有高毒性，但在实验室环境下暴露4天内其毒性丧失了近一半，在降雨量约8毫米后几乎全部丧失。综合研究结果表明，将GF - 120果蝇诱饵喷雾施用于非寄主植物以控制瓜实蝇，要么施用频率足够高以克服诱饵喷雾液滴对雌性吸引力的丧失，要么将诱饵喷雾施用于本身对雌性有吸引力的非寄主植物上。
