Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
J Perinatol. 2010 Nov;30(11):717-23. doi: 10.1038/jp.2010.31. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
To identify the risk factors of HIV vertical transmission in pregnant women.
Observational cohort study. Between 2002 and 2003, 479 HIV-infected pregnant women in a PMTCT (prevention of the mother-to-child transmission) program were followed up with their infants at delivery, until 15 months with infant HIV testing.
Of these 281 infants had a definitive HIV result by 15 months of age, and 31.7% of the infants become HIV infected. In univariate analysis the risk factor identified were presence of vaginal discharge, genital itchiness, genital ulcers, dysuria, abnormal breast and vaginal infections (Trichomonas, Bacteria vaginosis and Candida) in the mother at enrolment. In multivariate analysis vaginal infections risk ratio (RR) 1.72(1.03-2.88) and abnormal breast RR 4.36(2.89-6.58) were predictors of HIV vertical transmission.
There is need to screen for vaginal infections (Trichomonas, Bacteria vaginosis and Candida) and examine pregnant women for mastitis to identify women at risk of HIV vertical transmission for prevention.
确定孕妇 HIV 垂直传播的危险因素。
观察性队列研究。2002 年至 2003 年间，在一项 PMTCT（预防母婴传播）计划中，对 479 名 HIV 感染孕妇进行了随访，直至分娩后 15 个月，对婴儿进行 HIV 检测。
这 281 名婴儿在 15 个月时有明确的 HIV 结果，其中 31.7%的婴儿感染了 HIV。单因素分析确定的危险因素包括母亲在入组时存在阴道分泌物、生殖器瘙痒、生殖器溃疡、尿痛、乳房和阴道异常感染（滴虫、细菌性阴道病和念珠菌）。多因素分析显示，阴道感染的风险比（RR）为 1.72（1.03-2.88），乳房异常 RR 为 4.36（2.89-6.58），是 HIV 垂直传播的预测因素。
需要筛查阴道感染（滴虫、细菌性阴道病和念珠菌），并检查孕妇乳腺炎，以确定有 HIV 垂直传播风险的妇女，进行预防。
