General Medicine Department, Macia Health Center, Macia, Gaza, Mozambique.
Tinpswalo Association - Vincentian Association to Fight AIDS and TB, Maputo, Gaza, Mozambique.
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 10;16(12):e0260941. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260941. eCollection 2021.
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection is a significant problem in Mozambique. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in rural Mozambique.
Retrospective case-control study in a rural area of Bilene District, on the coast of southern Mozambique, performed from January 2017 to June 2018. The analysis considered the clinical data of HIV exposed children with definitive HIV positive results and their respective infected mothers (cases), and the data of HIV exposed children with definitive HIV negative results and their respective infected mothers (controls) registered in At Risk Child Clinics from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2018 at the Macia and Praia de Bilene health facilities in Bilene district, Gaza province-Mozambique.
Ninety pregnant women with HIV were involved in the study, including 30 who had transmitted the infection to their children and 60 who had not. Statistical analysis, adjusted for maternal age and gestational age at first antenatal care visit, showed that independent risk factors for transmission were gestational age at first visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.36), non-adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (56.7% vs. 5%; aOR 14.12, 95% CI 3.15-63.41); a viral load of 1000 copies/mL or more (90% vs. 5%; aOR: 156, 95% CI 22.91-1,062) and female sex of the neonate (80% vs. 51.7%; aOR: 4.43, 95% CI 1.33-15.87).
A high viral load and non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy are important predictors of mother-to-child HIV transmission.
在莫桑比克，HIV 母婴传播是一个重大问题。本研究旨在确定莫桑比克农村地区 HIV 母婴传播的相关危险因素。
本研究为回顾性病例对照研究，于 2017 年 1 月至 2018 年 6 月在莫桑比克南部海岸比莱内区进行。分析考虑了在比莱内区马西亚和普拉亚-比莱内卫生设施的高危儿童诊所登记的 HIV 暴露儿童中具有明确 HIV 阳性结果及其各自感染母亲（病例）的临床数据，以及 HIV 暴露儿童中具有明确 HIV 阴性结果及其各自感染母亲（对照）的临床数据。
共有 90 名 HIV 孕妇参与了本研究，其中 30 名孕妇将感染传播给了她们的孩子，60 名孕妇未将感染传播给她们的孩子。对母亲年龄和首次产前检查时的孕龄进行调整的统计分析显示，独立的传播危险因素是首次就诊时的孕龄（调整后的优势比[aOR]为 1.19，95%置信区间[CI]为 1.05-1.36）、不遵守联合抗逆转录病毒治疗（56.7%比 5%；aOR 为 14.12，95%CI 为 3.15-63.41）、病毒载量为 1000 拷贝/mL 或更高（90%比 5%；aOR 为 156，95%CI 为 22.91-1062）和新生儿为女性（80%比 51.7%；aOR 为 4.43，95%CI 为 1.33-15.87）。
高病毒载量和不遵守抗逆转录病毒治疗是 HIV 母婴传播的重要预测因素。
