Department of Pathology (D-33), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
Metab Brain Dis. 2010 Mar;25(1):31-8. doi: 10.1007/s11011-010-9180-3. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
Ion channels, exchangers and transporters are known to be involved in cell volume regulation. A disturbance in one or more of these systems may result in loss of ion homeostasis and cell swelling. In particular, activation of the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters has been shown to regulate cell volume in many conditions. The Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransporters (NKCC) are a class of membrane proteins that transport Na, K, and Cl ions into and out of a wide variety of epithelial and nonepithelial cells. Studies have established the role of NKCC1 in astrocyte swelling/brain edema in ischemia and trauma. Our recent studies suggest that NKCC1 activation is also involved in astrocyte swelling induced by ammonia and in the brain edema in the thioacetamide model of acute liver failure. This review will focus on mechanisms of NKCC1 activation and its contribution to astrocyte swelling/brain edema in neurological disorders, with particular emphasis on ammonia neurotoxicity and acute liver failure.
离子通道、交换器和转运体已知参与细胞体积调节。这些系统中的一个或多个系统的紊乱可能导致离子动态平衡和细胞肿胀的丧失。特别是，已经表明 Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-)共转运蛋白的激活可以调节许多情况下的细胞体积。Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-共转运蛋白 (NKCC) 是一类将 Na、K 和 Cl 离子转运进出各种上皮细胞和非上皮细胞的膜蛋白。研究已经确立了 NKCC1 在缺血和创伤时星形胶质细胞肿胀/脑水肿中的作用。我们最近的研究表明，NKCC1 的激活也参与了由氨诱导的星形胶质细胞肿胀和硫代乙酰胺诱导的急性肝功能衰竭的脑水肿。这篇综述将重点介绍 NKCC1 激活的机制及其在神经紊乱中对星形胶质细胞肿胀/脑水肿的贡献，特别强调氨神经毒性和急性肝功能衰竭。
