Acute leukemia complicating treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.

A five-year-old girl developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia after fifteen months of intensive chemotherapy and irradiation for glioblastoma multiforme. The leukemia became manifest while the patient was in a remarkable remission brought about by treatment with high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum rescue. This is the first reported association of these disorders in the same patient. It is possible that the leukemia was induced by the treatment, since both radiation and the chemotherapeutic drugs used have been shown to be leukemogenic in some circumstances. The patient developed leukemia in a setting of relatively normal peripheral blood counts, having had very little myelosuppression from her treatment.