Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
J Dairy Sci. 2010 Apr;93(4):1491-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2447.
The success of Johne's disease (JD) control programs based on risk assessment (RA) depends on producers' compliance with suggested management practices. One objective of this study was to describe the perception of participating Canadian dairy farmers of the impact of JD, the RA process, and suggested management strategies. The second objective was to describe the cost of changes in management practices following the RA. A telephone survey was conducted with 238 dairy farmers in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. The producers agreed to participate in this follow-up study after they had been enrolled in an RA-based voluntary JD control program and had tested their herd with the JD milk ELISA test in 2005 to 2007. The majority of farms had no JD test-positive cows and, although some producers thought they had experienced the economic impact of JD, many did not see JD as a current problem for their herd. The majority of producers enrolled in this program because they were concerned that Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis could be perceived by consumers as a cause for Crohn's disease in humans, which could lead to altered purchasing behavior of milk and milk products. Fifty-two farm-specific recommendations had been made after the initial RA. Although the producers generally liked the program and found the recommendations reasonable and feasible, on average only 2 of 6 suggestions made specifically to them were implemented. The recommendation with the highest compliance was culling of JD test-positive cows. The main reasons for noncompliance were that the dairy producer did not believe a change of management practices was necessary or the available barn setting or space did not allow the change. Producers were generally uncomfortable estimating time and monetary expenses for management changes, but found that several suggested management practices actually saved time and money. In addition, 39% of the producers that implemented at least 1 recommendation thought their calf and herd health had improved subsequently. This indicates that the communication of associated benefits needs to be improved to increase the compliance of producers with recommended management practices.
基于风险评估（RA）的约翰氏病（JD）控制计划的成功取决于生产者对建议管理实践的遵守情况。本研究的一个目的是描述参与加拿大奶牛场主对 JD 的影响、RA 过程和建议管理策略的看法。第二个目标是描述 RA 后管理实践变化的成本。对安大略省、马尼托巴省、萨斯喀彻温省、艾伯塔省和不列颠哥伦比亚省的 238 名奶牛场主进行了电话调查。这些生产者在 2005 年至 2007 年期间参加了基于 RA 的自愿 JD 控制计划，并使用 JD 牛奶 ELISA 测试对其牛群进行了测试后，同意参加这项后续研究。大多数农场没有 JD 测试阳性的奶牛，尽管一些生产者认为他们已经受到 JD 的经济影响，但许多人认为 JD 不是他们牛群目前的问题。大多数参加该计划的生产者是因为他们担心分枝杆菌 avium ssp. paratuberculosis 可能被消费者视为人类克罗恩病的病因，这可能导致对牛奶和奶制品购买行为的改变。在最初的 RA 之后，提出了 52 项针对特定农场的建议。尽管生产者普遍喜欢该计划，并认为建议合理且可行，但平均只有 6 项专门针对他们的建议中的 2 项得到了实施。建议的合规率最高的是淘汰 JD 测试阳性的奶牛。不遵守规定的主要原因是奶牛生产者认为改变管理实践是不必要的，或者现有的畜舍设置或空间不允许改变。生产者通常对估算管理变更的时间和货币费用感到不舒服，但发现一些建议的管理实践实际上节省了时间和金钱。此外，39%的实施了至少 1 项建议的生产者认为他们的小牛和牛群健康随后有所改善。这表明需要改进相关益处的沟通，以提高生产者对建议管理实践的遵守率。
