Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 2;16(2):e0245836. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245836. eCollection 2021.
Various measures have been advocated for the control of Johne's disease (caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, MAP) in different countries. Farmers' compliance has been reported to be variable depending on disease prevalence and incentives to participate in control programs. After the prevalence of MAP shedding and risk factors for within-herd spread of MAP were assessed in 17 Swiss cattle herds (10 dairy and 7 beef), general and herd-specific recommendations were given to the farmers to reduce MAP transmission within the herd. Participation in the study and implementation of control measures were voluntary, no financial incentives were provided for the realization of control measures. After a 3-year period of monitored observation including biannual farm visits and discussion of the situation, the implementation of the recommended control measures and their effect on prevalence of MAP shedding were evaluated. Implementation of recommended general and farm-specific control measures was only partially realized. Neither the number of animals tested positive (before or during the study) nor the farmers' knowledge about paratuberculosis were significantly associated with their compliance for the implementation of management changes. The apparent within-herd prevalence remained constant despite limited implementation of control measures, and no particular group of control measures was found to be associated with changes in prevalence. Farmers' compliance for the implementation of control measures to reduce the impact of Johne's disease in infected farms was very limited under Swiss farming conditions in the frame of voluntary participation in a research project. These results indicate that the losses associated with paratuberculosis in Swiss dairy and beef operations are not estimated to be high enough by the farmers to justify important efforts for control measures, and that incentives may be necessary to achieve efficient implementation of such measures.
在不同国家，已经提出了各种措施来控制约氏病（由分枝杆菌副结核亚种引起，MAP）。据报道，农民的合规性因疾病流行程度和参与控制计划的激励措施而异。在评估了 17 个瑞士牛群（10 个奶牛场和 7 个肉牛场）中 MAP 脱落的流行率和牛群内 MAP 传播的风险因素后，向农民提供了一般性和牛群特异性建议，以减少牛群内 MAP 的传播。参与研究和实施控制措施是自愿的，没有为实施控制措施提供经济激励。经过 3 年的监测观察期，包括每半年一次的农场访问和对情况的讨论，评估了推荐的控制措施的实施情况及其对 MAP 脱落流行率的影响。推荐的一般性和农场特定的控制措施仅部分得到实施。无论是阳性检测动物的数量（在研究之前或期间）还是农民对副结核病的了解，都与他们遵守管理变更的情况没有显著相关性。尽管实施了有限的控制措施，但明显的牛群内流行率保持不变，也没有发现任何特定的控制措施与流行率的变化有关。在瑞士的农场条件下，农民自愿参与研究项目，实施控制措施以减轻受感染农场的约氏病影响的合规性非常有限。这些结果表明，瑞士奶牛和肉牛养殖场中与副结核病相关的损失估计不足以让农民有足够的动力来采取重要的控制措施，并且可能需要激励措施才能有效地实施这些措施。
