Biochemical alterations in caged Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

Joinville is an important industrial city in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, and also a risk factor for the Babitonga drainage basin. Oxidative stress-related parameters were evaluated in caged tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed for 7 days (sites S1 and S2) in a Babitonga drainage basin tributary river. Site S1 showed enhanced levels of hepatic CYP1A, CYP2B-like and glutathione S-transferase activity, while site S2 showed decreased levels of glutathione and increased lipoperoxidation indexes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity. Correlation analyses revealed that oxidative stress-related parameters behaved like a group of interrelated variables, while CYPs and glutathione S-transferase seem to be independent. New putative biomarkers were evaluated in the tilapia brain. Caspase-3 activation (both sites), decreased in p38MAPK phosphorylation (site S2) and decreased expression in HSP70 (site S1) were observed. Data indicate that employed variables, when used as a group (oxidative stress-related parameters, CYP1A/2B-like, caspase-3, HSP70 and protein kinases) can be useful as predictors of pollution.