Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Critóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2011 Sep;85(1):97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.037. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
Fossil fuels such as diesel are being gradually replaced by biodiesel, a renewable energy source, cheaper and less polluting. However, little is known about the toxic effects of this new energy source on aquatic organisms. Thus, we evaluated biochemical biomarkers related to oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after two and seven exposure days to diesel and pure biodiesel (B100) and blends B5 and B20 at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 mL L(-1). The hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was highly induced in all groups, except for those animals exposed to B100. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation in liver and gills in the group exposed to the higher concentration of B5. All treatments caused a significant increase in the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene excreted in the bile after 2 and 7d, except for those fish exposed to B100. The hepatic glutathione-S-transferase increased after 7d in animals exposed to the higher concentration of diesel and in the gill of fish exposed to the higher concentration of pure diesel and B5, but decreased for the two tested concentrations of B100. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase also presented significant changes according to the treatments for all groups, including B100. Biodiesel B20 in the conditions tested had fewer adverse effects than diesel and B5 for the Nile tilapia, and can be suggested as a less harmful fuel in substitution to diesel. However, even B100 could activate biochemical responses in fish, at the experimental conditions tested, indicating that this fuel can also represent a risk to the aquatic biota.
化石燃料（如柴油）正逐渐被生物柴油替代，生物柴油是一种可再生能源，价格更便宜，污染更少。然而，对于这种新能源对水生生物的毒性影响知之甚少。因此，我们评估了尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）在接触柴油和纯生物柴油（B100）以及 B5 和 B20 混合物（浓度分别为 0.01 和 0.1 mL L(-1)）两天和七天后的与氧化应激相关的生化生物标志物。在所有组中，肝乙氧基-resorufin-O-去乙基酶活性均被高度诱导，除了暴露于 B100 的动物。在暴露于较高浓度 B5 的组中，肝和鳃中的脂质过氧化增加。所有处理在第 2 天和第 7 天都会导致胆汁中 1-羟基芘排泄量显著增加，除了暴露于 B100 的鱼类。在暴露于较高浓度柴油的动物的肝中，以及暴露于较高浓度纯柴油和 B5 的鱼类的鳃中，谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶在第 7 天增加，但对于两种测试浓度的 B100 则减少。超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶也根据所有组的处理而发生显著变化，包括 B100。在测试条件下，生物柴油 B20 对尼罗河罗非鱼的不良影响比柴油和 B5 少，并且可以作为柴油的替代品，危害较小。然而，即使是 B100 在实验条件下也能激活鱼类的生化反应，表明这种燃料也可能对水生生物群构成威胁。
