Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Immunity. 2010 Mar 26;32(3):305-15. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.03.012.
Foreign nucleic acids, the signature of invading viruses and certain bacteria, are sensed intracellularly. The nucleic acid-specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect and signal within endolysosomal compartments, triggering the induction of cytokines essential for the innate immune response. These cytokines include proinflammatory molecules produced mainly by macrophages and conventional dendritic cells, as well as type I interferons, which are produced in great quantities by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The cellular and molecular pathways by which nucleic acids and TLRs meet within the endosome assure host protection yet also place the host at risk for the development of autoimmunity. Here, we review the latest findings on the intracellular TLRs, with special emphasis on ligand uptake, receptor trafficking, signaling, and regulation.
外来核酸是入侵病毒和某些细菌的特征，可在细胞内被感知。核酸特异性 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 在内体溶酶体腔内检测和发出信号，触发细胞因子的诱导，这些细胞因子对于先天免疫反应至关重要。这些细胞因子包括主要由巨噬细胞和传统树突状细胞产生的促炎分子，以及大量由浆细胞样树突状细胞产生的 I 型干扰素。核酸和 TLR 在内涵体中相遇的细胞和分子途径既能保证宿主的保护，又使宿主面临自身免疫发展的风险。在这里，我们回顾了关于细胞内 TLR 的最新发现，特别强调了配体摄取、受体运输、信号转导和调节。
