Islinger M, Cardoso M J R, Schrader M
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Aug;1803(8):881-97. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.03.013. Epub 2010 Mar 27.
Peroxisomes represent so-called "multipurpose organelles" as they contribute to various anabolic as well as catabolic pathways. Thus, with respect to the physiological specialization of an individual organ or animal species, peroxisomes exhibit a functional diversity, which is documented by significant variations in their proteome. These differences are usually regarded as an adaptational response to the nutritional and environmental life conditions of a specific organism. Thus, human peroxisomes can be regarded as an in part physiologically unique organellar entity fulfilling metabolic functions that differ from our animal model systems. In line with this, a profound understanding on how peroxisomes acquired functional heterogeneity in terms of an evolutionary and mechanistic background is required. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the heterogeneity of peroxisomal physiology, providing insights into the genetic and cell biological mechanisms, which lead to the differential localization or expression of peroxisomal proteins and further gives an overview on peroxisomal biochemical pathways, which are specialized in different animal species and organs. Moreover, it addresses the impact of proteome studies on our understanding of differential peroxisome function describing the utility of mass spectrometry and computer-assisted algorithms to identify peroxisomal target sequences for the detection of new organ- or species-specific peroxisomal proteins.
过氧化物酶体是所谓的“多功能细胞器”，因为它们参与各种合成代谢和分解代谢途径。因此，就单个器官或动物物种的生理特化而言，过氧化物酶体表现出功能多样性，这在其蛋白质组的显著差异中得到体现。这些差异通常被视为对特定生物体营养和环境生活条件的适应性反应。因此，人类过氧化物酶体可被视为一种在生理上部分独特的细胞器实体，履行着与我们的动物模型系统不同的代谢功能。与此一致的是，需要深入了解过氧化物酶体在进化和机制背景下如何获得功能异质性。本综述总结了我们目前关于过氧化物酶体生理异质性的知识，深入探讨了导致过氧化物酶体蛋白差异定位或表达的遗传和细胞生物学机制，并进一步概述了在不同动物物种和器官中特化的过氧化物酶体生化途径。此外，它还阐述了蛋白质组学研究对我们理解过氧化物酶体差异功能的影响，描述了质谱和计算机辅助算法在鉴定过氧化物酶体靶序列以检测新的器官或物种特异性过氧化物酶体蛋白方面的应用。
