Koller E A
Physiologisches Institut, Universität Zürich.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1991 Apr 2;80(14):357-60.
Health at altitude depends on the success of functional adjustments. Only the success of the short-term adjustments including increased tidal volume, acceleration of circulation, centralization of blood volume, hemoconcentration and adjustment of de diuresis to reduce cardiac volume overload render acclimatization possible. During these long-term adjustments, which always remain incomplete at altitudes above 2000 to 3000 m, mainly the cardiovascular economy and the respiratory efficiency are improved. Failure of the short-term adjustments excludes acclimatization and may be due to reduced physical capacity or to excessive physical activity (too fast too high). It is associated with sympathetic cardiac volume overload, central hypoxia, antidiuresis and distress which result in acute mountain sickness. Health at altitude may be preserved by moderating the ascent, the duration and the physical activity there.
高原健康取决于功能调节的成功与否。只有短期调节成功，包括潮气量增加、循环加速、血容量集中、血液浓缩以及减少利尿以降低心脏容量负荷，才能实现适应。在这些长期调节过程中，主要是改善心血管功能和呼吸效率，但在海拔2000至3000米以上时，这些调节往往并不完全。短期调节失败会导致无法适应，可能是由于身体能力下降或体力活动过度（速度太快、海拔太高）。这与交感神经心脏容量负荷过重、中枢性缺氧、抗利尿和不适有关，进而导致急性高山病。通过减缓上升速度、缩短停留时间和减少在高原的体力活动，可以保持高原健康。
