Crop and Environment Research Centre, Harper Adams University College, Newport, UK.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010 May;27(5):629-35. doi: 10.1080/19440040903515942.
Numerous studies have identified the benefit of fungicides applied at flowering (Zadoks Growth Stage (GS) 59-69) in the reduction of Fusarium head blight and the reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested wheat grain. Two experiments were performed to identify the ability of prothioconazole (Proline) at three timings to reduce Fusarium head blight and resulting DON in harvested grain of wheat. Prothioconazole (150 g ha(-1)) was applied to plots of wheat at GS31, GS39, and GS65 in a full-factorial design. Plots were inoculated with Fusarium-infected oat grain at GS30 and mist-irrigated at GS65 to encourage head blight development. Plots were assessed for head blight symptoms at GS77 and harvested grain was analysed for yield, specific weight, thousand grain weight, and DON. Factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified prothioconazole applications at each timing that resulted in significant reductions in Fusarium head blight and DON. The control achieved with combinations of spray timings was additive with no significant interactions. The control of Fusarium head blight at GS31, GS39, and GS65 was 50, 58 and 83%, respectively. The reduction in Fusarium head blight achieved by all three timings combined was 97% compared to the fully untreated control plots. The reduction of DON after application of prothioconazole at GS31, GS39, and GS65 was 27%, 49%, and 57%, respectively. The application of prothioconazole at all three timings achieved 83% reduction of DON compared with the fully untreated control plots. These experiments have determined, for the first time, significant additional head blight disease control and mycotoxin reduction with applications of a fungicide before flowering.
大量研究表明，在开花期（Zadoks 生长阶段 (GS) 59-69）施用杀菌剂可减少赤霉病和收获小麦籽粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON)的含量。进行了两项实验，以确定在三个时间点施用丙硫菌唑（Proline）减少小麦赤霉病和收获谷物中 DON 的能力。丙硫菌唑（150 克/公顷）以完全析因设计施用于 GS31、GS39 和 GS65 的小麦田块。在 GS30 时用感染镰刀菌的燕麦粒接种田块，并在 GS65 时进行雾化灌溉以鼓励赤霉病的发展。在 GS77 时评估田块的赤霉病症状，并对收获的谷物进行产量、比重、千粒重和 DON 分析。方差分析（ANOVA）的析因分析确定了每个时间点施用丙硫菌唑可显著降低赤霉病和 DON。喷雾时间组合的对照是累加的，没有显著的相互作用。GS31、GS39 和 GS65 处的赤霉病防治率分别为 50%、58%和 83%。与完全未处理的对照田块相比，所有三个时间点的联合赤霉病防治率为 97%。在 GS31、GS39 和 GS65 施用丙硫菌唑后，DON 的减少率分别为 27%、49%和 57%。与完全未处理的对照田块相比，所有三个时间点施用丙硫菌唑可将 DON 减少 83%。这些实验首次确定，在开花前施用杀菌剂可显著增加赤霉病的防治和霉菌毒素的减少。
