Mirilas Petros, Skandalakis John E
Centers for Surgical Anatomy and Technique, Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road NE, Suite 303, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Am Surg. 2010 Mar;76(3):253-62.
We present surgicoanatomical topographic relations of nerves and plexuses in the retroperitoneal space: 1) six named parietal nerves, branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator, femoral. 2) The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk, ventral rami of S1-S3, and part of S4; the remainder of S4 joining the coccygeal plexus. From this plexus originate the superior gluteal nerve, which passes backward through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle; the inferior gluteal nerve also courses through the greater sciatic foramen, but below the piriformis; 3) sympathetic trunks: right and left lumbar sympathetic trunks, which comprise four interconnected ganglia, and the pelvic chains; 4) greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic), which pass the diaphragm and join celiac ganglia; 5) four lumbar splanchnic nerves (sympathetic), which arise from lumbar sympathetic ganglia; 6) pelvic splanchnic nerves (nervi erigentes), providing parasympathetic innervation to the descending colon and pelvic splanchna; and 7) autonomic (prevertebral) plexuses, formed by the vagus nerves, splanchnic nerves, and ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal). They include sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory (mainly pain) fibers. The autonomic plexuses comprise named parts: aortic, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, superior hypogastric, and inferior hypogastric (hypogastric nerves).
1）六条命名的壁神经，为腰丛的分支：髂腹下神经、髂腹股沟神经、生殖股神经、股外侧皮神经、闭孔神经、股神经。2）骶丛由腰骶干、S1 - S3的前支以及S4的一部分组成；S4的其余部分加入尾丛。从此丛发出臀上神经，它向后穿过梨状肌上方的坐骨大孔；臀下神经也穿过坐骨大孔，但在梨状肌下方；3）交感干：左右腰交感干，由四个相互连接的神经节以及盆部神经链组成；4）胸大、小和最下内脏神经（交感神经），它们穿过膈肌并加入腹腔神经节；5）四条腰内脏神经（交感神经），起自腰交感神经节；6）盆内脏神经（勃起神经），为降结肠和盆部内脏提供副交感神经支配；7）自主（椎前）神经丛，由迷走神经、内脏神经和神经节（腹腔、肠系膜上、主动脉肾）组成。它们包括交感、副交感和感觉（主要是痛觉）纤维。自主神经丛包括命名部分：主动脉、肠系膜上、肠系膜下、上腹下和下腹下（腹下神经）。
