Vance David E, Roberson Anthony J, McGuinness Teena M, Fazeli Pariya L
School of Nursing, Department of Psychology and Center for Research in Applied Gerontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2010 Apr;48(4):23-30. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20100302-01.
Overall cognitive status can vary across an individual's life span in response to factors that promote either positive or negative neuroplasticity. Positive neuroplasticity refers to he physiological ability of the brain to form and strengthen dendritic connections, produce beneficial morphological changes, and increase cognitive reserve. Negative neuroplasticity refers to the same physiological ability of t he brain to atrophy and weaken dendritic connections, produce detrimental morphological changes, and decrease cognitive reserve. Factors that promote positive neuroplasticity include physical activity, education, social interaction, intellectual pursuits, and cognitive remediation. Factors that promote negative neuroplasticity include poor health, poor sleep hygiene, poor nutrition, substance abuse, and depression and anxiety. Implications for promoting positive neuroplasticity and avoiding negative neuroplasticity across the life span are emphasized to facilitate optimal cognitive health and ensure successful cognitive aging.
整体认知状态在个体的生命周期中会因促进正向或负向神经可塑性的因素而有所不同。正向神经可塑性是指大脑形成并强化树突连接、产生有益形态变化以及增加认知储备的生理能力。负向神经可塑性是指大脑出现萎缩、树突连接减弱、产生有害形态变化以及认知储备减少的相同生理能力。促进正向神经可塑性的因素包括体育活动、教育、社交互动、智力追求和认知康复。促进负向神经可塑性的因素包括健康状况不佳、睡眠卫生不良、营养不足、药物滥用以及抑郁和焦虑。强调了在整个生命周期中促进正向神经可塑性和避免负向神经可塑性对促进最佳认知健康和确保成功认知老化的意义。
