Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain.
Brain Topogr. 2011 Oct;24(3-4):340-57. doi: 10.1007/s10548-011-0195-9. Epub 2011 Aug 19.
In the field of ageing and dementia, brain- or cognitive reserve refers to the capacity of the brain to manage pathology or age-related changes thereby minimizing clinical manifestations. The brain reserve capacity (BRC) hypothesis argues that this capacity derives from an individual's unique neural profile (e.g., cell count, synaptic connections, brain volume, etc.). Complimentarily, the cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis emphasizes inter-individual differences in the effective recruitment of neural networks and cognitive processes to compensate for age-related effects or pathology. Despite an abundance of research, there is scarce literature attempting to synthesize the BRC the CR models. In this paper, we will review important aging and dementia studies using structural and functional neuroimaging techniques to investigate and attempt to assimilate both reserve hypotheses. The possibility to conceptualize reserve as reflecting indexes of brain plasticity will be proposed and novel data suggesting an intimate and complex correspondence between active and passive components of reserve will be presented.
在衰老和痴呆领域，脑或认知储备是指大脑管理病理或与年龄相关的变化的能力，从而最小化临床表现。脑储备能力（BRC）假说认为，这种能力源于个体独特的神经特征（例如，细胞计数、突触连接、脑容量等）。与之互补的是，认知储备（CR）假说强调了个体之间神经网络和认知过程有效招募的差异，以补偿与年龄相关的影响或病理。尽管有大量的研究，但很少有文献试图综合 BRC 和 CR 模型。在本文中，我们将回顾使用结构和功能神经影像学技术的重要衰老和痴呆研究，以调查和尝试整合这两种储备假说。我们将提出将储备概念化为反映大脑可塑性指标的可能性，并提出新的数据，表明储备的主动和被动成分之间存在密切而复杂的对应关系。
