Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 136 Mountain View Blvd, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2010 Apr;9(4):432-8. doi: 10.1039/b9pp00122k.
The general public has long been educated about the harms of ultraviolet (UV) exposure and the benefits of photoprotection. Many organizations have worked in close collaboration to deliver the photoprotection message through a variety of programs. Most address the health-related consequences of UV radiation, although appearance-based strategies have also been initiated. As is common with preventative health measures, these intervention efforts have not resulted in meaningful changes in public behavior despite providing seemingly adequate knowledge to do so. Behaviors are often difficult to change on a societal, personal, and biological level. Within these categories, there are unique reasons for the unsatisfactory outcome with photoprotection such as (1) tan is perceived as beautiful, (2) the knowledge conveyed is often superficial, (3) there is a lack of immediate risk/reward, and (4) UV has reinforcing effects on mood. We propose that better results could be achieved by creating interventions focused on demographic subsets of the population. Specific techniques include anti-tanning legislature, age or gender-based screening campaigns, anti-tan beauty campaigns, and UV photography. Future photoprotection messages should shift from purely promoting knowledge to inspiring improvements in behavior with targeted strategies.
公众早就了解到紫外线（UV）暴露的危害和光保护的好处。许多组织密切合作，通过各种项目传递光保护信息。大多数项目都针对与健康相关的紫外线辐射后果，但也已经启动了基于外观的策略。与预防性健康措施一样，尽管这些干预措施似乎提供了足够的知识，但并没有导致公众行为发生有意义的变化。行为在社会、个人和生物层面上往往很难改变。在这些类别中，光保护的结果并不令人满意，原因有其独特性，例如：（1）古铜色被认为是美丽的；（2）传达的知识往往很肤浅；（3）缺乏即时的风险/回报；（4）紫外线对情绪有增强作用。我们提出，可以通过针对人口的特定群体创建干预措施来取得更好的效果。具体技术包括反对晒黑的立法、基于年龄或性别的筛查活动、反对晒黑的美容活动以及紫外线摄影。未来的光保护信息应该从单纯宣传知识转变为通过有针对性的策略激发行为的改善。
