Niu Zhaomeng, Bhurosy Trishnee, Heckman Carolyn J
Section of Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States.
Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Jan 29;26:101709. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101709. eCollection 2022 Apr.
The skin cancer incidence rate has been rising, and digital health interventions can promote skin cancer prevention and detection behaviors. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the outcomes of digital interventions that promote sun protection and skin self-examination (SSE). This review examined studies that utilized randomized controlled designs or quasi-experiments, included outcomes related to sun safety or SSE, employed at least one digital platform, and were published in English from January 2000 to October 2020. A total of 62 studies were included in the review. Digital modalities included web-based (e.g., websites) alone (n = 29), mobile-based (e.g., mobile apps) alone (n = 12), game-based (n = 1), emails or text messages alone (n = 8), videos alone (n = 6), social media (n = 3), both text messages and mobile apps (n = 2), or both text messages and video (n = 1). Most studies (n = 44) only evaluated sun protection-related outcomes, seven studies assessed SSE outcomes only, nine studies examined both, and two assessed other related outcomes. Digital interventions are effective compared to non-intervention control conditions in promoting sun safety or SSE. Almost all studies found digital interventions to be equally or more effective compared to non-digital interventions. This review suggests that although the digital interventions varied, they showed promising effects on improving sun protection or SSE outcomes. Future research should include more sophisticated phase-based and rigorous longitudinal research designs, additional investigation of social media and other newer technologies, as well as more detailed reporting of methods and results.
皮肤癌发病率一直在上升，数字健康干预措施可以促进皮肤癌的预防和检测行为。本研究进行了一项系统综述，以调查促进防晒和皮肤自我检查（SSE）的数字干预措施的效果。该综述审查了采用随机对照设计或准实验的研究，纳入了与防晒或SSE相关的结果，使用了至少一个数字平台，并于2000年1月至2020年10月以英文发表。该综述共纳入62项研究。数字模式包括仅基于网络的（如网站）（n = 29）、仅基于移动设备的（如移动应用程序）（n = 12）、基于游戏的（n = 1）、仅电子邮件或短信的（n = 8）、仅视频的（n = 6）、社交媒体的（n = 3）、短信和移动应用程序两者结合的（n = 2），或短信和视频两者结合的（n = 1）。大多数研究（n = 44）仅评估了与防晒相关的结果，七项研究仅评估了SSE结果，九项研究同时考察了两者，两项评估了其他相关结果。与非干预对照条件相比，数字干预在促进防晒或SSE方面是有效的。几乎所有研究都发现，与非数字干预相比，数字干预同样有效或更有效。该综述表明，尽管数字干预各不相同，但它们在改善防晒或SSE结果方面显示出了有前景的效果。未来的研究应包括更复杂的基于阶段和严格的纵向研究设计，对社交媒体和其他新技术的进一步调查，以及对方法和结果更详细的报告。
