Human Movement and Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia.
Hum Mov Sci. 2010 Oct;29(5):618-30. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Mar 30.
Primary motor cortex (M1) plays a role in motor learning, although the exact nature of that involvement remains unclear. The present study examined the relationship between motor learning and cortical plasticity by manipulating augmented feedback during motor training. Two groups of 10 participants performed a wrist flexion-extension waveform-tracking task with either concurrent and terminal augmented feedback after every trial (100% FB) or only terminal feedback after every alternate trial (50% FB). Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess cortical excitability short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) before, after, and 24 h following (retention) motor training. The 50% FB group performed better at retention than the 100% FB group, indicative of enhanced learning due to reduced FB scheduling. Cortical excitability did not change during acquisition for either group, however, the 50% FB group had elevated M1 excitability at retention, suggesting M1 involvement in the consolidation of learning. Reduced SICI following practice suggests a reduction of intracortical inhibition during motor skill acquisition. ICF was unchanged. It is concluded that the nature of M1 modulation associated with the acquisition and retention of a novel motor skill appears to vary with the nature and complexity of task requirements.
初级运动皮层（M1）在运动学习中发挥作用，尽管其具体参与方式仍不清楚。本研究通过在运动训练期间操纵增强反馈来检查运动学习与皮质可塑性之间的关系。两组 10 名参与者进行了腕关节屈伸波跟踪任务，每组在每次试验后都有连续和终端增强反馈（100%FB）或仅在每次交替试验后才有终端反馈（50%FB）。在运动训练之前、之后和 24 小时（保留）之后，使用单脉冲和成对脉冲经颅磁刺激（TMS）来评估皮质兴奋性、短间隔皮质内抑制（SICI）和皮质内易化（ICF）。50%FB 组在保留期的表现优于 100%FB 组，表明由于减少了 FB 调度，学习得到了增强。然而，对于两组参与者来说，在获得过程中皮质兴奋性都没有发生变化，但是 50%FB 组在保留期时 M1 兴奋性升高，表明 M1 参与了学习的巩固。练习后 SICI 减少表明在运动技能获得期间皮质内抑制减少。ICF 没有变化。结论是，与新运动技能的获得和保留相关的 M1 调节的性质似乎随任务要求的性质和复杂性而变化。
