Unit of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Nov;124(1):251-8. doi: 10.1007/s10549-010-0853-8. Epub 2010 Apr 7.
Double heterozygosity (DH) for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is a very rare finding, particularly in non-Ashkenazi individuals, and only a few cases have been reported to date. In addition, little is known on the pathological features of the tumors that occur in DH cases and on their family history of cancer. Four carriers of pathogenic mutations in both BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified among women who underwent genetic counseling for hereditary susceptibility to breast and ovarian carcinoma at three different Italian institutions. Clinical, pathological, and family history data were collected from medical records and during genetic counseling sessions. All identified DH cases developed breast carcinoma and three of them were also diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma. Mean ages of breast and ovarian cancer diagnosis were 42.7 and 48.6 years, respectively. The majority of breast cancers showed a BRCA1-related phenotype, being negative for hormone receptors and HER2. Two cases reported different gastrointestinal tumors among relatives. Although the individuals described in this study show more severe clinical features in comparison to previously reported BRCA1 and BRCA2 DH cases, our observations support the hypothesis of a non specific phenotype of DH cases in terms of age of disease onset. In addition, our observations indicate that in DH patients breast carcinogenesis appears to be driven mainly by the mutations in BRCA1. The possible association of DH for BRCA gene mutations with gastrointestinal tumors is in keeping with previous reports, but needs to be confirmed by further analyses.
BRCA1 和 BRCA2 基因突变的双杂合性(DH)是一种非常罕见的发现,特别是在非阿什肯纳兹人个体中,迄今为止仅报道了少数病例。此外,对于 DH 病例中发生的肿瘤的病理特征及其癌症家族史知之甚少。在意大利的三个不同机构,对遗传性乳腺癌和卵巢癌易感性进行遗传咨询的女性中,鉴定出了四个同时携带 BRCA1 和 BRCA2 致病性突变的携带者。从病历和遗传咨询期间收集了临床、病理和家族史数据。所有鉴定出的 DH 病例均发生了乳腺癌,其中 3 例还被诊断为卵巢癌。乳腺癌和卵巢癌的平均诊断年龄分别为 42.7 岁和 48.6 岁。大多数乳腺癌表现出 BRCA1 相关表型,对激素受体和 HER2 呈阴性。有两例报告了亲属中不同的胃肠道肿瘤。尽管本研究中描述的个体与以前报道的 BRCA1 和 BRCA2 DH 病例相比表现出更严重的临床特征,但我们的观察结果支持 DH 病例在发病年龄方面具有非特异性表型的假设。此外,我们的观察结果表明,在 DH 患者中,乳腺癌的发生似乎主要由 BRCA1 中的突变驱动。DH 与 BRCA 基因突变相关的胃肠道肿瘤的可能关联与以前的报告一致,但需要进一步分析来证实。
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