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[老年患者骨盆环损伤的治疗理念。一项挑战]

[Concept for treatment of pelvic ring injuries in elderly patients. A challenge].

作者信息

Culemann U, Scola A, Tosounidis G, Pohlemann T, Gebhard F

机构信息

Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Kirrberger Str. 1, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.

出版信息

Unfallchirurg. 2010 Apr;113(4):258-71. doi: 10.1007/s00113-010-1762-3.


DOI:10.1007/s00113-010-1762-3
PMID:20373068
Abstract

Whereas pelvic injuries in patients in their 20s and 30s are typically caused by high energy trauma, another group suffering this injury are elderly patients between the seventh and eighth decades of life. Due to osteoporosis and co-morbidities females are particularly affected by low energy trauma. After examining the medical history a physical examination of the pelvis is performed. This is followed by imaging with X-ray and CT scanning with 3D reconstruction if necessary. If there are concomitant injuries additional diagnostics are essential (e.g. sonography, MRI, retrograde ureterography, cystography and excretion urogram). The standard AO/ATO classification (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopedic Trauma Association) has been well proven and does not depend on the age of the patient. Three different fracture types are differentiated, types A, B and C. This classification in combination with the description of the affected anatomical region (e.g. transsymphysis, transpubic, etc.) is sufficient in the daily clinical practice to decide on the necessary treatment. Often there are diagnostic difficulties in elderly patients (so-called differentiation of the A-B problem). In these patients a type A fracture is initially diagnosed and treated conservatively but due to persistent pain the imaging is repeated and an additional (insufficiency) fracture is found. With this new information the therapeutic regime has to be changed. The reconstruction of the pelvic ring is of major importance especially for elderly patients. This reduces the pain and the primary objective, an earliest possible rehabilitation without prolonged immobilization, can be achieved. In elderly patients external fixation with supra-acetabular screw positioning is an effective procedure and secondary insufficiency-instability (mostly dorsal) can be avoided. Whereas type A fractures can almost exclusively be treated non-surgically, types B and C fractures usually need surgery. As in young patients type B fractures are stabilized ventrally and C fractures dorsoventrally. In an emergency supra-acetabular external fixation and when required extraperitoneal tamponade has been established as the standard treatment for elderly patients in Germany. For the definitive surgical management standard procedures are used, but they often have to be modified depending on the bone structure.

摘要

20多岁和30多岁患者的骨盆损伤通常由高能量创伤引起,而另一组遭受这种损伤的是70到80岁的老年患者。由于骨质疏松和合并症,女性特别容易受到低能量创伤的影响。在检查病史后,对骨盆进行体格检查。如有必要,随后进行X线成像及CT扫描并进行三维重建。如果存在合并伤,额外的诊断至关重要(如超声、MRI、逆行输尿管造影、膀胱造影和排泄性尿路造影)。标准的AO/ATO分类(骨科学合成问题协会/骨科创伤协会)已得到充分验证,且不依赖于患者年龄。区分出三种不同的骨折类型,即A、B和C型。在日常临床实践中,这种分类结合对受影响解剖区域的描述(如经耻骨联合、经耻骨等)足以决定所需的治疗方法。老年患者常常存在诊断困难(即所谓的A-B问题鉴别)。在这些患者中,最初诊断为A型骨折并进行保守治疗,但由于持续疼痛而重复进行影像学检查,结果发现了额外的(骨质疏松性)骨折。有了这些新信息,治疗方案必须改变。骨盆环的重建尤为重要,特别是对老年患者。这可以减轻疼痛,并能实现尽早康复而无需长时间固定的首要目标。在老年患者中,采用髋臼上螺钉定位的外固定是一种有效的方法,可以避免继发性骨质疏松性不稳定(大多为背侧)。A型骨折几乎完全可以非手术治疗,而B型和C型骨折通常需要手术。与年轻患者一样,B型骨折采用前路固定,C型骨折采用前后路联合固定。在德国,髋臼上外固定和必要时的腹膜外填塞已成为老年患者紧急情况下的标准治疗方法。对于确定性手术治疗,采用标准手术方法,但通常必须根据骨骼结构进行调整。

相似文献

[1]
[Concept for treatment of pelvic ring injuries in elderly patients. A challenge].

Unfallchirurg. 2010-4

[2]
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[3]
[The supra-acetabular pelvic clamp. Emergency treatment for unstable pelvic ring fractures].

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[4]
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[5]
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[6]
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[7]
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[8]
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[10]
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引用本文的文献

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Novel handheld pelvic alignment guide for hollow screw fixation in osteoporotic pelvic fragility fractures.

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[2]
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Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2025-2

[3]
Comparison of T-POD and SAM Pelvic Sling II and the influence of attachment level in the initial management of unstable pelvic type C injuries - a cadaveric study.

Int J Emerg Med. 2024-3-4

[4]
Neglected pelvic fragility fracture managed with unilateral triangular osteosynthesis.

Trauma Case Rep. 2023-9-16

[5]
Sacroiliac versus transiliac-transsacral screw osteosynthesis in osteoporotic pelvic fractures: a biomechanical comparison.

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2023-12

[6]
Posterior pelvic ring involvement detected with CT taken within a week of admission in acute fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) does not predict failure of conservative treatment: a retrospective cohort study.

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023-4-22

[7]
Patients with combined pelvic and spinal injuries have worse clinical and operative outcomes than patients with isolated pelvic injuries analysis of the German Pelvic Registry.

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022-3-15

[8]
Instability of the posterior pelvic ring: introduction of innovative implants.

J Orthop Surg Res. 2021-10-18

[9]
Internal fixation of acetabular quadrilateral plate fractures in elderly patients: Could the fracture reduction quality affect their functional recovery?

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021-6

[10]
[Radiological diagnosis of pelvic ring fractures].

Radiologe. 2020-3

本文引用的文献

[1]
Effectiveness and complications of pelvic circumferential compression devices in patients with unstable pelvic fractures: a systematic review of literature.

Injury. 2009-7-17

[2]
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J Orthop Trauma. 2009

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Injury. 2009-1

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J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008-9

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World J Surg. 2008-8

[9]
Mortality in patients with pelvic fractures: results from the German pelvic injury register.

J Trauma. 2008-2

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Spine J. 2008

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