Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
J Sleep Res. 2010 Sep;19(3):436-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00811.x. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
Performance monitoring is an essential function involved in the correction of errors. Deterioration of this function may result in serious accidents. This function is reflected in two event-related potential (ERP) components that occur after erroneous responses, specifically the error-related negativity/error negativity (ERN/Ne) and error positivity (Pe). The ERN/Ne is thought to be associated with error detection, while the Pe is thought to reflect motivational significance or recognition of errors. Using these ERP components, some studies have shown that sleepiness resulting from extended wakefulness may cause a decline in error-monitoring function. However, the effects of sleep inertia have not yet been explored. In this study, we examined the effects of sleep inertia immediately after a 1-h daytime nap on error-monitoring function as expressed through the ERN/Ne and Pe. Nine healthy young adults participated in two different experimental conditions (nap and rest). Participants performed the arrow-orientation task before and immediately after a 1-h nap or rest period. Immediately after the nap, participants reported an increased effort to perform the task and tended to estimate their performance as better, despite no objective difference in actual performance between the two conditions. ERN/Ne amplitude showed no difference between the conditions; however, the amplitude of the Pe was reduced following the nap. These results suggest that individuals can detect their own error responses, but the motivational significance ascribed to these errors might be diminished during the sleep inertia experienced after a 1-h nap. This decline might lead to overestimation of their performance.
绩效监测是纠错过程中必不可少的一项功能。该功能的恶化可能导致严重的事故。该功能反映在错误相关负向波/负向错误（ERN/Ne）和错误正波（Pe）这两个与事件相关的潜在成分上，这两个成分出现在错误反应之后。ERN/Ne 被认为与错误检测有关，而 Pe 则被认为反映了错误的动机意义或识别。一些研究使用这些 ERP 成分表明，长时间清醒导致的困倦可能会导致错误监测功能下降。然而，睡眠惯性的影响尚未得到探索。在这项研究中，我们考察了在白天小睡 1 小时后立即出现的睡眠惯性对错误监测功能的影响，这一功能通过 ERN/Ne 和 Pe 来表达。9 名健康的年轻成年人参与了两种不同的实验条件（小睡和休息）。参与者在小睡或休息 1 小时前后进行了箭头方向任务。小睡后，参与者报告说完成任务的难度增加，并且倾向于高估自己的表现，尽管在这两种条件下，实际表现没有客观差异。ERN/Ne 幅度在两种条件之间没有差异；然而，Pe 的幅度在小睡后减小。这些结果表明，个体可以检测到自己的错误反应，但在经历 1 小时小睡后的睡眠惯性期间，他们对这些错误的动机意义的评价可能会降低。这种下降可能导致对自己表现的高估。
