Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
J Virol. 2010 Aug;84(15):7418-26. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02290-09. Epub 2010 Apr 7.
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were discovered as common cold pathogens over 50 years ago. Recent advances in molecular viral diagnostics have led to an appreciation of their role in more-significant respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis in infancy, childhood pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. Until a few years ago, only two groups of HRVs (A and B) had been recognized. However, full and partial sequencing of HRVs led to the discovery of a third species of HRV (HRV-C) that has distinct structural and biologic features. Risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms for more-severe HRV infections are being defined, and yet fundamental questions persist about mechanisms relating this common pathogen to allergic diseases and asthma. The close relationship between HRV infections and asthma suggests that antiviral treatments could have a major impact on the morbidity associated with this chronic respiratory disease.
人类鼻病毒（HRV）在 50 多年前被发现是普通感冒的病原体。最近分子病毒学诊断技术的进步使人们认识到它们在更严重的呼吸道疾病中的作用，包括婴儿细支气管炎、儿童肺炎以及哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和囊性纤维化等慢性呼吸道疾病的急性加重。直到几年前，仅发现了两种 HRV（A 和 B）。然而，对 HRV 的完全和部分测序导致发现了第三种 HRV（HRV-C），它具有独特的结构和生物学特征。更严重 HRV 感染的危险因素和发病机制正在被定义，但是关于这种常见病原体与过敏性疾病和哮喘之间关系的机制仍存在基本问题。HRV 感染与哮喘之间的密切关系表明，抗病毒治疗可能对与这种慢性呼吸道疾病相关的发病率产生重大影响。
