Touabi Lila, Ismail Nasser S M, Bakkar Marwa R, McLean Gary R, Abo-Zeid Yasmin
School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025 May 6;47(5):333. doi: 10.3390/cimb47050333.
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) previously focused mainly on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, with less attention on viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of controlling viral infections. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are among the viruses responsible for HAIs. HRVs are non-enveloped viruses that infect the upper airways after airborne or direct transmission. Due to their lack of a membrane envelope, HRVs exhibit moderate resistance to commonly applied alcoholic disinfectants. Therefore, there is a significant need to develop alternative disinfection and hand sanitation strategies to control HRV infections in healthcare settings without posing a risk to human health. The antimicrobial activity and safety of rhamnolipids and rhamnolipids nano-micelles (RMN) against MDR-bacteria and several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, were confirmed recently. Also, we previously demonstrated the superior antimicrobial activity of RMN over rhamnolipids. In the current study, molecular docking demonstrated the weak interactions of rhamnolipids with HRV-1A (minor group) compared to HRV-14 (major group), suggesting a superior antiviral activity of rhamnolipids towards major group rhinoviruses. To biologically validate these data, RMN was prepared and characterized, and then antiviral activity against HRV-16 (major group) and HRV-1B (minor group) infection of HeLa cells was assessed. RMN showed a complete inhibition of HRV-16 infection with recovery of 100% of HeLa cell viability. In contrast, only partial inhibition of HRV-1B infection with approximately 50% protection against infection was observed. Therefore, RMN might be recommended as a disinfectant and/or a hand sanitizer component to control the spread of RVs in hospital care settings or elsewhere to reduce the incidence of respiratory infections.
医院获得性感染（HAIs）以前主要集中在多重耐药（MDR）细菌上，对病毒的关注较少。新冠疫情凸显了控制病毒感染的重要性。人鼻病毒（HRVs）是导致医院获得性感染的病毒之一。人鼻病毒是无包膜病毒，通过空气传播或直接传播感染上呼吸道。由于缺乏膜包膜，人鼻病毒对常用的酒精消毒剂表现出一定的抗性。因此，迫切需要开发替代的消毒和手部卫生策略，以控制医疗环境中的人鼻病毒感染，同时不对人类健康构成风险。最近证实了鼠李糖脂和鼠李糖脂纳米胶束（RMN）对多重耐药细菌和包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在内的几种病毒具有抗菌活性和安全性。此外，我们之前证明了RMN比鼠李糖脂具有更强的抗菌活性。在当前的研究中，分子对接表明，与HRV-14（主要组）相比，鼠李糖脂与HRV-1A（次要组）的相互作用较弱，这表明鼠李糖脂对主要组鼻病毒具有更强的抗病毒活性。为了从生物学上验证这些数据，制备并表征了RMN，然后评估了其对HeLa细胞感染HRV-16（主要组）和HRV-1B（次要组）的抗病毒活性。RMN完全抑制了HRV-16感染，HeLa细胞活力恢复率达100%。相比之下，仅观察到对HRV-1B感染的部分抑制，约有50%的感染防护率。因此，RMN可能被推荐作为消毒剂和/或手部消毒剂成分，以控制医院护理环境或其他地方鼻病毒的传播，从而降低呼吸道感染的发生率。
