Higo Noriyuki
Neuroscience Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan.
Keio J Med. 2010;59(1):4-9. doi: 10.2302/kjm.59.4.
Cerebral injury, such as stroke, cause functional deficits; however some functions can recover with postlesion rehabilitative training. Several recent studies using rodents and monkeys have reported the effects of postlesion training on functional recovery after brain injury. We present herein an overview of recent animal experimental studies on the effects of postlesion motor training on brain plasticity and motor recovery. Our study in the macaque monkey reported the effects of hand motor training on motor recovery after lesioning of the primary motor cortex (M1). In monkeys that had undergone intensive daily training after the lesion, manual dexterity recovered to previous levels. Relatively independent digit movements, including those of precision grip, were restored in the trained monkeys. While hand movements recovered to some extent in the monkeys without postlesion training, these monkeys frequently used alternative grips to grasp a small object instead o f the precision grip. These findings suggest that recovery after M1 lesions includes both training-dependent and training-independent processes, and that recovery of precision grip requires intensive postlesion training. Recent results of both brain imaging and gene expression analyses suggest that functional and structural changes may occur in uninjured motor areas during recovery of hand function after M1 lesions. In particular, our preliminary results suggest that structural changes in ventral premotor cortex neurons may participate in functional compensation of precision grip.
脑损伤，如中风，会导致功能缺陷；然而，一些功能可通过损伤后的康复训练得以恢复。最近几项以啮齿动物和猴子为对象的研究报告了损伤后训练对脑损伤后功能恢复的影响。在此，我们概述了近期关于损伤后运动训练对脑可塑性和运动恢复影响的动物实验研究。我们对猕猴的研究报告了手部运动训练对初级运动皮层（M1）损伤后运动恢复的影响。在损伤后接受每日强化训练的猴子中，手部灵活性恢复到了先前水平。训练后的猴子恢复了包括精确抓握在内的相对独立的手指运动。虽然未接受损伤后训练的猴子手部运动也有一定程度的恢复，但这些猴子经常使用替代抓握方式来抓取小物体，而不是精确抓握。这些发现表明，M1损伤后的恢复包括训练依赖性和训练独立性过程，并且精确抓握的恢复需要损伤后的强化训练。脑成像和基因表达分析的最新结果表明，在M1损伤后手部功能恢复过程中，未受伤的运动区域可能会发生功能和结构变化。特别是，我们的初步结果表明，腹侧运动前皮层神经元的结构变化可能参与精确抓握的功能补偿。
