Higo Noriyuki
Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
Neurosci Res. 2014 Jan;78:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.09.008. Epub 2013 Sep 27.
Neuromotor systems have the capacity for functional recovery following damage to the central nervous system. This recovery can be enhanced by rehabilitative training. Animal studies in which artificial damage is induced in a specific region of the brain or spinal cord of rodents or monkeys have contributed to our understanding of the effects of rehabilitative training. In this article, I provide an overview of recent studies in which experimental animals were used to investigate the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery and brain plasticity. A study from my group in the macaque monkey reported the effects of hand motor training on motor recovery after lesioning of the primary motor cortex (M1) or the corticospinal tract at the cervical level. In monkeys that had undergone extensive post-lesion training, manual dexterity recovered to previous levels. Rehabilitative training was more effective in promoting recovery of manual dexterity when initiated immediately after the corticospinal tract lesion rather than 1 month later. Both functional brain imaging and gene expression analyses suggest that functional and structural changes may occur in undamaged motor areas during recovery of hand function after M1 or corticospinal tract lesions.
神经运动系统在中枢神经系统受损后具有功能恢复的能力。康复训练可以增强这种恢复。在啮齿动物或猴子的大脑或脊髓特定区域诱导人为损伤的动物研究，有助于我们理解康复训练的效果。在本文中，我概述了最近的一些研究，这些研究使用实验动物来研究康复训练对运动恢复和脑可塑性的影响。我所在团队对猕猴的一项研究报告了手部运动训练对初级运动皮层（M1）或颈段皮质脊髓束损伤后运动恢复的影响。在经历了广泛损伤后训练的猴子中，手部灵活性恢复到了先前水平。在皮质脊髓束损伤后立即开始康复训练，比1个月后开始训练，在促进手部灵活性恢复方面更有效。功能性脑成像和基因表达分析均表明，在M1或皮质脊髓束损伤后手部功能恢复过程中，未受损的运动区域可能会发生功能和结构变化。
