Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, Belgium.
J Food Prot. 2010 Apr;73(4):774-85. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.4.774.
Salmonella is a human pathogen that frequently infects poultry flocks. Consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated poultry products can induce acute gastroenteritis in humans. Faced with the public health concerns associated with salmonellosis, the European Union has established a European regulation forcing member states to implement control programs aimed at reducing Salmonella prevalence in poultry production, especially at the primary production level. The purpose of the present review article is to summarize the current research and to suggest future developments in the area of Salmonella control in poultry, which may be of value to the industry in the coming years. The review will focus especially on preventive strategies that have been developed and that aim at reducing the incidence of Salmonella colonization in broiler chickens at the farm level. In addition to the usual preventive hygienic measures, other strategies have been investigated, such as feed and drinking water acidification with organic acids and immune strategies based on passive and active immunity. Modification of the diet by changing ingredients and nutrient composition with the intent of reducing a bird's susceptibility to Salmonella infection also has been examined. Because in ovo feeding accelerates small intestine development and enhances epithelial cell function, this approach could be an efficient tool for controlling enteric pathogens. Feed additives such as antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics that modify the intestinal microflora are part of another field of investigation, and their success depends on the additive used. Other control methods such as the use of chlorate products and bacteriophages also are under study.
沙门氏菌是一种经常感染家禽群的人类病原体。食用生的或未煮熟的受污染的家禽产品会导致人类急性肠胃炎。面对与沙门氏菌病相关的公共卫生问题，欧盟制定了一项欧洲法规，迫使成员国实施控制计划，旨在降低家禽生产中沙门氏菌的流行率，特别是在初级生产水平。本文的目的是总结目前在禽沙门氏菌控制领域的研究进展，并提出未来的发展方向，这可能对未来几年的行业有价值。本文综述重点尤其在于已经开发并旨在减少农场水平肉鸡中沙门氏菌定植发生率的预防策略。除了通常的预防性卫生措施外，还研究了其他策略，例如有机酸酸化饲料和饮用水以及基于被动和主动免疫的免疫策略。通过改变成分和营养组成来改变饮食以降低禽类对沙门氏菌感染的易感性也得到了研究。因为胚内喂养可以加速小肠发育并增强上皮细胞功能，因此这种方法可能是控制肠道病原体的有效工具。改变肠道微生物群的饲料添加剂，如抗生素、益生元、益生菌和合生元，是另一个研究领域，其成功取决于所使用的添加剂。其他控制方法，如使用氯酸盐产品和噬菌体，也在研究中。
