Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 May;42(3):818-26. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.023.
The present study examined age-related differences in car following performance when contrast of the driving scene was reduced by simulated fog. Older (mean age of 72.6) and younger (mean age of 21.1) drivers were presented with a car following scenario in a simulator in which a lead vehicle (LV) varied speed according to a sum of three sine wave functions. Drivers were shown an initial following distance of 18 m and were asked to maintain headway distance by controlling speed to match changes in LV speed. Five simulated fog conditions were examined ranging from a no fog condition (contrast of 0.55) to a high fog condition (contrast of 0.03). Average LV speed varied across trials (40, 60, or 80 km/h). The results indicated age-related declines in car following performance for both headway distance and RMS (root mean square) error in matching speed. The greatest decline occurred at moderate speeds under the highest fog density condition, with older drivers maintaining a headway distance that was 21% closer than younger drivers. At higher speeds older drivers maintained a greater headway distance than younger drivers. These results suggest that older drivers may be at greater risk for a collision under high fog density and moderate speeds.
本研究考察了模拟雾降低驾驶场景对比度时，与年龄相关的跟车性能差异。在模拟器中，为老年（平均年龄 72.6 岁）和年轻（平均年龄 21.1 岁）驾驶员呈现了跟车场景，其中前车（LV）根据三个正弦波函数的总和改变速度。驾驶员被展示了初始跟随距离为 18 米，并被要求通过控制速度来匹配 LV 速度的变化来保持车距。检查了五个模拟雾条件，范围从无雾条件（对比度为 0.55）到高雾条件（对比度为 0.03）。平均 LV 速度在试验中变化（40、60 或 80 公里/小时）。结果表明，在头距和 RMS（均方根）误差方面，年龄与跟车性能呈下降趋势。在最高雾密度条件下，中等速度下的下降最大，老年驾驶员保持的车距比年轻驾驶员近 21%。在较高速度下，老年驾驶员保持的车距大于年轻驾驶员。这些结果表明，在高雾密度和中等速度下，老年驾驶员发生碰撞的风险可能更大。
