Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Biomark Med. 2010 Feb;4(1):27-36. doi: 10.2217/bmm.09.89.
Oxidative damage and inflammation are important features of the brain pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oxidative damage can be found in membranes (lipid peroxidation), proteins (nitrosylation and other post-translational changes) and nucleic acids. Inflammatory changes include activation of microglia and astrocytes, with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Not all of these changes are specific to AD, and occur in other neurodegenerative disorders. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are potential therapeutic targets in AD, and biomarkers could help to identify and monitor key pathways in patients with AD. This article summarizes progress in developing cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation, problems and pitfalls related to systemic (blood- or urine-based) biomarkers in this area, and future research directions and applications.
氧化损伤和炎症是阿尔茨海默病（AD）大脑病理学的重要特征。氧化损伤可存在于膜（脂质过氧化）、蛋白质（亚硝化和其他翻译后改变）和核酸中。炎症变化包括小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的激活，以及促炎细胞因子水平的增加。并非所有这些变化都特定于 AD，也发生在其他神经退行性疾病中。氧化应激和炎症都是 AD 的潜在治疗靶点，生物标志物可以帮助识别和监测 AD 患者的关键途径。本文总结了与氧化应激和炎症相关的脑脊液生物标志物的研究进展，以及该领域基于系统（血液或尿液）的生物标志物存在的问题和陷阱，以及未来的研究方向和应用。
