School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Feb;25(2):432-40. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf43eb.
A player's physique and body composition can substantially influence performance in a rugby league; however, there is limited evidence about the impact of training on the anthropometric profile of rugby league players. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a preseason training program on the anthropometric characteristics of semiprofessional players. Fifty-seven semiprofessional rugby league players (29 backs and 28 forwards) completed a range of anthropometric tests including stature, body mass, girths, breadths, lengths, and 9 skinfold sites at the beginning (late October) and end (mid February) of a 14-week preseason. with use of Lifesize software, values were calculated for fat mass, muscle mass, percent body fat, and somatotype. Analysis of change was conducted separately for forwards and backs. Over the preseason, both backs (p < 0.01) and forwards (p < 0.001) reduced fat mass, increased muscle mass (backs [p < 0.001]; forwards [p < 0.001]), and key upper-body girth measurements. Between group analyses indicated that forwards experienced significantly greater reductions in some skinfold sites (triceps [p < 0.05], subscapular [p < 0.05], abdominals [p < 0.05]), fat mass (p < 0.05) and overall percent body fat than backs (p < 0.05). These players were predominantly endomorphic-mesomorphs. A preseason training program that included testing and feedback, education, and a combination of resistance, speed, and cardiorespiratory training and resulted in considerable anthropometric improvements by semiprofessional players. Rugby league conditioning staff at a semiprofessional level should consider the value of a comprehensive structured and periodized preseason training program and aim to educate players about strategies to achieve body composition goals.
一名球员的体质和身体成分会极大地影响其在橄榄球联盟中的表现；然而，关于训练对橄榄球联盟运动员人体测量特征的影响，证据有限。本研究旨在调查一项 preseason 训练计划对半职业球员人体测量特征的影响。57 名半职业橄榄球联赛球员（29 名后卫和 28 名前锋）在 preseason的 14 周开始（10 月底）和结束（2 月中旬）时，完成了一系列人体测量测试，包括身高、体重、围度、宽度、长度和 9 个皮褶部位。使用 Lifesize 软件，计算了体脂量、肌肉量、体脂百分比和体型。分别对前锋和后卫进行了变化分析。在整个 preseason 期间，后卫（p<0.01）和前锋（p<0.001）的体脂量减少，肌肉量增加（后卫 [p<0.001]；前锋 [p<0.001]），以及关键的上半身围度测量值增加。组间分析表明，前锋在一些皮褶部位（三头肌 [p<0.05]、肩胛下 [p<0.05]、腹部 [p<0.05]）、体脂量（p<0.05）和总体体脂百分比方面的减少明显大于后卫（p<0.05）。这些球员主要是内胚型-中胚型。一个包含测试和反馈、教育以及阻力、速度和心肺有氧训练相结合的 preseason 训练计划，使半职业球员的人体测量特征得到了显著改善。半职业水平的橄榄球联赛体能教练应该考虑一个全面的、结构化的、周期性的 preseason 训练计划的价值，并努力让球员了解实现身体成分目标的策略。
