Ball Shane, Halaki Mark, Sharp Tristan, Orr Rhonda
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018 Jan 1;13(1):69-74. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0023. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
Rugby union is a physically demanding collision sport with high injury rates. There is a common perception that higher training loads result in greater injury risk in field-based sports.
To determine injury, anthropometric, and physical-performance characteristics in junior rugby union players and investigate the interaction between training load and injury across a competitive season.
Prospective cohort study.
Fifty-one players (age 19.2 ± 0.7 y) from an under-20 university rugby union team (forwards, n = 27; backs, n = 24) participated in a study conducted over a competition season. Training load, injury characteristics, anthropometry, physiological performance, and match time-loss injury incidence were observed.
Backs had significantly lower body mass (ES [95% CI] = 1.6 [0.9, 2.2]), skinfold thickness (ES = 1.1 [0.5, 1.7]), strength (squat ES = 0.6 [0.0, 1.2], deadlift ES = 0.6 [0.0, 1.1], bench press ES = 0.9 [0.4, 1.5]), lower-body power (ES = 0.4 [-0.2, 1.0]), and higher maximal aerobic capacity (ES = -0.3 [-0.8, 0.3]) than forwards. Match injury incidence was 107.3 injuries/1000 player hours (forwards 91.4/1000, backs 125.5/1000) during preseason and 110.7 injuries/1000 player hours (forwards 124.1/1000, backs 95.2/1000) during in-season. Forwards showed higher incidence of joint and ligament (P = .049) and upper-limb (P = .011) injuries than backs. No significant relationship between overall training load and match injury incidence was found. However, lower match injury incidence was associated with higher weekly training volume in backs (P = .007).
Positional differences in body composition, performance, injury characteristics, and match injury patterns were identified in junior university rugby union players, indicating the need for position-specific training programs to reduce risk of injury.
英式橄榄球联盟是一项对体能要求很高的碰撞性运动，受伤率很高。人们普遍认为，在以场地为主的运动中，训练负荷越高，受伤风险就越大。
确定青少年英式橄榄球联盟球员的受伤情况、人体测量学特征和身体表现特征，并研究在一个竞争赛季中训练负荷与受伤之间的相互作用。
前瞻性队列研究。
来自一支20岁以下大学英式橄榄球联盟球队的51名球员（年龄19.2±0.7岁，前锋27名，后卫24名）参加了一项在一个比赛赛季进行的研究。观察了训练负荷、受伤特征、人体测量学、生理表现和比赛时间损失受伤发生率。
后卫的体重（效应量[95%置信区间]=1.6[0.9,2.2]）、皮褶厚度（效应量=1.1[0.5,1.7]）、力量（深蹲效应量=0.6[0.0,1.2]，硬拉效应量=0.6[0.0,1.1]，卧推效应量=0.9[0.4,1.5]）、下肢力量（效应量=0.4[-0.2,1.0]）显著低于前锋，而最大有氧能力更高（效应量=-0.3[-0.8,0.3]）。季前赛期间的比赛受伤发生率为107.3次受伤/1000球员小时（前锋91.4/1000，后卫125.5/1000），赛季中为110.7次受伤/1000球员小时（前锋124.1/1000，后卫95.2/1000）。前锋的关节和韧带（P=0.049）以及上肢（P=0.011）受伤发生率高于后卫。未发现总体训练负荷与比赛受伤发生率之间存在显著关系。然而，后卫较低的比赛受伤发生率与较高的每周训练量有关（P=0.007）。
在青少年大学英式橄榄球联盟球员中，发现了身体成分、表现、受伤特征和比赛受伤模式的位置差异，这表明需要制定针对特定位置的训练计划以降低受伤风险。
