Smart R G
Prevention Studies Department, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1991;17(1):13-26. doi: 10.3109/00952999108992806.
Crack is a potent form of cocaine which results in rapid and striking stimulant effects when smoked. This paper reviews epidemiological research on the extent of use as well as reports of adverse effects. Crack is used by a small minority of adult and student populations but by a large proportion of cocaine users and heavy drug-using groups. Use does not appear to be increasing in general populations, but there are no trend studies for high-risk groups. Crack users tend to be young, heavy polydrug users, many of whom have serious drug abuse problems. The adverse reactions to crack are similar to those of cocaine and include effects on offspring, neurological and psychiatric problems, as well as pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities. However, two adverse reactions unique to crack have been reported. One relates to lung infiltrates and bronchospasm. The other involves neurological symptoms among children living in crack smoke-filled rooms. There is a need for improved treatment and preventive programs for crack use.
快克是可卡因的一种强效形式，吸食后会迅速产生显著的兴奋作用。本文综述了关于其使用程度的流行病学研究以及不良反应报告。快克在成年人群体和学生群体中只有一小部分人使用，但在可卡因使用者和重度吸毒群体中使用比例较大。普通人群中的使用似乎没有增加，但没有针对高危群体的趋势研究。快克使用者往往是年轻的、重度多种药物使用者，其中许多人有严重的药物滥用问题。对快克的不良反应与可卡因类似，包括对后代的影响、神经和精神问题，以及肺部和心脏异常。然而，已经报告了两种快克特有的不良反应。一种与肺部浸润和支气管痉挛有关。另一种涉及生活在充满快克烟雾房间里的儿童的神经症状。需要改进针对快克使用的治疗和预防方案。
