老年人听力障碍概述：助听康复的观点。
An overview of hearing impairment in older adults: perspectives for rehabilitation with hearing aids.
机构信息
Laboratory of Biomedical Robotics & Biomicrosystems, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
出版信息
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Mar;14(3):223-9.
BACKGROUND
Hearing loss is a common problem in modern society due to the combined effects of noise, aging, disease, and heredity. According to 2005 estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), 278 million people worldwide have moderate to profound hearing loss in both ears. Incidence increases with age. Approximately 31.4% of people over age 65 have hearing loss and 40% to 50% of people 75 and older have a hearing loss. Only 1 out of 5 people who could benefit from a hearing aids actually wears one.
OBJECTIVE
To review literature for articles that focus on hearing aids.
STATE OF THE ART
Hearing aids have continuously evolved over the past 50 years, in term of styles and technology. Technological advances in hearing aids and HATS (Hearing Assistive Technologies, and Rehabilitation Services) have expanded the range of options available to improve the success of a device use. Today's hearing aids differ significantly from their analog predecessors because the application of digital signal processing has permitted many adaptive and/or automatic features. Included in the benefits of digital hearing aids are improved sound quality, multiple listening programs for different listening environments, advanced noise reduction strategies, acoustic feedback reduction, compatibility with remote control options, and flexibility in manipulation of the frequency, compression, and gain.
CONCLUSIONS
The hearing aids continue to be developed to enhance the characteristics in terms of rehabilitation and acceptability.
背景
听力损失是现代社会的一个常见问题，其原因是噪声、衰老、疾病和遗传等多种因素的综合作用。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）2005 年的估计，全球有 2.78 亿人双耳患有中度至重度听力损失。发病率随年龄增长而增加。大约 65 岁以上的人群中有 31.4%有听力损失，75 岁及以上的人群中有 40%至 50%有听力损失。实际上，在有受益于助听器的人群中，只有 1/5 的人佩戴了助听器。
目的
综述有关助听器的文献。
现状
在过去的 50 年中，助听器在款式和技术方面不断发展。助听器和 HATS（听力辅助技术和康复服务）技术的进步扩大了可供选择的范围，以提高设备使用的成功率。如今的助听器与模拟助听器有很大的不同，因为数字信号处理的应用允许许多自适应和/或自动功能。数字助听器的优点包括改善音质、不同聆听环境的多个聆听程序、先进的降噪策略、减少声反馈、与遥控器兼容以及灵活地调整频率、压缩和增益。
结论
助听器在不断发展，以增强康复和可接受性方面的特点。
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