Department of Physiology, Neural Systems and Plasticity Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 30;34(5):733-41. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.002. Epub 2010 Apr 13.
The heterogeneous effects of acute stress on learning and memory depend on numerous parameters related to the stressor, the time the stressor is experienced, and the nature of the stimuli or task examined. In the present review, we systematically summarize the rodent literature examining the effects of acute extrinsic stress on spatial and recognition memory. Converging evidence from a number of behavioural tasks suggests acute stress disrupts the retrieval of spatial and recognition memory regardless of whether the stress is experienced before or after learning. Few studies have attempted to discern whether these effects are due to specific failures in consolidation or retrieval of task relevant information. Recent studies demonstrate that diverse mechanisms related to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and alterations in glutamatergic synaptic plasticity mediate the effects of acute stress on spatial and recognition memory. Taken together, these findings have significantly advanced our understanding of the neural mechanisms mediating learning and memory and may stimulate the search for novel therapeutics to treat stress-related psychiatric disorders.
急性应激对学习和记忆的非均一效应取决于许多与应激源相关的参数，包括应激源经历的时间以及所检查的刺激或任务的性质。在本综述中，我们系统地总结了检查急性外在应激对空间和识别记忆影响的啮齿动物文献。来自许多行为任务的一致证据表明，急性应激会破坏空间和识别记忆的提取，而无论应激是在学习之前还是之后发生。很少有研究试图确定这些影响是否是由于与任务相关信息的巩固或提取的特定失败所致。最近的研究表明，与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活以及谷氨酸能突触可塑性的改变相关的多种机制介导了急性应激对空间和识别记忆的影响。总之，这些发现极大地促进了我们对介导学习和记忆的神经机制的理解，并可能激发对治疗与应激相关的精神障碍的新型治疗方法的探索。
