Agatha Sabine
University of Salzburg, Institute for Zoology, Salzburg, Austria.
Acta Protozool. 2004;43(3):201-217.
Currently, gene sequence genealogies of the Oligotrichea Bütschli, 1889 comprise only few species. Therefore, a cladistic approach, especially to the Oligotrichida, was made, applying Hennig's method and computer programs. Twenty-three characters were selected and discussed, i.e., the morphology of the oral apparatus (five characters), the somatic ciliature (eight characters), special organelles (four characters), and ontogenetic particulars (six characters). Nine of these characters developed convergently twice. Although several new features were included into the analyses, the cladograms match other morphological trees in the monophyly of the Oligotrichea, Halteriia, Oligotrichia, Oligotrichida, and Choreotrichida. The main synapomorphies of the Oligotrichea are the enantiotropic division mode and the de novo-origin of the undulating membranes. Although the sister group relationship of the Halteriia and the Oligotrichia contradicts results obtained by gene sequence analyses, no morphologic, ontogenetic or ultrastructural features were found, which support a branching of Halteria grandinella within the Stichotrichida. The cladistic approaches suggest paraphyly of the family Strombidiidae probably due to the scarce knowledge. A revised classification of the Oligotrichea is suggested, including all sufficiently known families and genera.
目前，1889年布奇利寡毛目的基因序列系统发育关系仅涵盖少数物种。因此，采用亨尼希方法和计算机程序，对寡毛目，尤其是对寡毛亚目进行了支序分类分析。选取并讨论了23个特征，即口器形态（5个特征）、体纤毛（8个特征）、特殊细胞器（4个特征）和个体发育细节（6个特征）。其中9个特征出现了两次趋同演化。尽管分析中纳入了一些新特征，但在寡毛目、弹跳虫属、寡毛亚目、寡毛目和缘毛亚目的单系性方面，支序图与其他形态学树相匹配。寡毛目的主要共同衍征是对映分裂模式和波动膜的重新起源。尽管弹跳虫属和寡毛亚目的姐妹群关系与基因序列分析结果相矛盾，但未发现支持大型弹跳虫在毛口目内分支的形态学、个体发育或超微结构特征。支序分类分析表明，由于了解不足，旋颈虫科可能并系。建议对寡毛目进行修订分类，包括所有已知程度足够的科和属。
