儿童期精神病理学和母亲痛苦对成年心理健康影响的性别差异。
Gender differences in the effects of childhood psychopathology and maternal distress on mental health in adult life.
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
出版信息
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011 Jul;46(7):533-42. doi: 10.1007/s00127-010-0215-1. Epub 2010 Apr 16.
PURPOSE
To investigate gender differences in how emotional and behavioural problems (hyperactivity, emotional problems, and conduct problems) and maternal psychological distress, all measured at three time points in childhood (ages 5, 10, and 16), predict psychological distress in adult life (age 30).
METHODS
Longitudinal data from 10,444 cohort members of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) were used.
RESULTS
Emotional problems in adolescence tended to be more strongly associated with adult psychological distress in men than in women. No gender differences in the association of adult psychological distress with maternal psychological distress in adolescence were found. In childhood and adolescence boys' externalizing behaviour problems tended to show more homotypic continuity than girls', but all heterotypic continuity (although very little) of behaviour problems was seen in girls. Maternal psychological distress in childhood tended to have a stronger effect on girls' than boys' emotional problems in adolescence.
CONCLUSIONS
In general there was little evidence for gender differences either in the association of adult psychological distress with adolescent psychopathology or in the association of adult psychological distress with maternal psychological distress in adolescence. The continuity of emotional problems from childhood to adolescence to adult life was strong and similar for both sexes.
目的
探究儿童期（5 岁、10 岁和 16 岁）三个时间点测量的情绪和行为问题（多动、情绪问题和行为问题）以及母亲心理困扰对成年后（30 岁）心理困扰的影响在两性之间的差异。
方法
使用来自 1970 年英国队列研究（BCS70）的 10444 名队列成员的纵向数据。
结果
青春期的情绪问题与男性成年后心理困扰的相关性强于女性。在与青春期母亲心理困扰相关的成年后心理困扰方面，没有发现性别差异。在儿童期和青春期，男孩的外化行为问题比女孩更具有同型连续性，但女孩也存在所有异型连续性（尽管很少）。儿童期的母亲心理困扰往往对女孩的青春期情绪问题的影响大于男孩。
结论
一般来说，无论是在成年后心理困扰与青少年精神病理学的关联，还是在成年后心理困扰与青春期母亲心理困扰的关联方面，都几乎没有证据表明存在性别差异。情绪问题从儿童期到青春期到成年期的连续性很强，且在两性之间相似。
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