Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Res Sports Med. 2010 Apr;18(2):97-114. doi: 10.1080/15438620903323678.
Breath holding (BH) and water immersion induce several physiological responses. Individuals, who are BH trained tend to have an advantage versus untrained subjects. This study compared physiological responses to BH at rest between synchronized swimmers (SS) and controls (C). Each participant performed five resting BH periods in water. Breath holding periods were significantly longer for SS (109.8 +/- 39.3 vs. 78.3 +/- 25.0s), despite a similar end tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen following BH. Recovery times after BH were similar for oxygen consumption, ventilation, and blood oxygen saturation. Synchronized swimmers (SS) experienced bradycardia at 45s of max BH, whereas C did not (60 +/- 9 vs. 65 +/- 14 b x min(-1)). A significant oxygen conservation effect occurred for SS in only one BH trial. These results suggest that SS exhibited an enhanced ability to breath hold with similar respiratory responses but a lower heart rate (HR) during recovery, suggesting a better adaptation to BH.
屏气（BH）和水浸会引起几种生理反应。经过 BH 训练的人往往比未经训练的人有优势。本研究比较了在水中休息时 BH 对花样游泳运动员（SS）和对照组（C）的生理反应。每位参与者都进行了五次休息 BH 期。尽管在 BH 后二氧化碳和氧气的终末潮气分压相似，但 SS 的 BH 时间明显更长（109.8 +/- 39.3 与 78.3 +/- 25.0 秒）。BH 后的恢复期，耗氧量、通气量和血氧饱和度相似。在最大 BH 的 45 秒时，花样游泳运动员（SS）经历了心动过缓，而 C 则没有（60 +/- 9 与 65 +/- 14 b x min(-1)）。在仅一次 BH 试验中，SS 出现了显著的氧气保存效应。这些结果表明，SS 在恢复期间表现出更强的屏气能力，呼吸反应相似，但心率（HR）较低，这表明对 BH 的适应更好。
