University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada..
J Hum Kinet. 2012 May;32:147-56. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0031-7. Epub 2012 May 30.
Exercise and breath holding in the water such as that performed in the sport of synchronized swimming may evoke the physiological consequences of the diving response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of breath holding during underwater arm cranking in synchronized swimmers who are trained in breath holding and compare these responses to untrained women. Each participant performed 6 breath holding periods in the water (2 × 10s, 2 × 20s and 2 × 25s) with 2 minutes of normal breathing in between, in either an ascending or descending order while performing arm crank exercise. The intensity of arm crank exercise was set below the individual ventilatory threshold. Both synchronized swimmers and controls were matched on sitting height and then randomly divided into 2 groups: one group started breath holding with the longest (25s) breath holding periods while the other group began breath holding with the shortest (10s) breath holding periods. The synchronized swimmers experienced a significant decrease in heart rate while breath holding for 20 and 25s but the changes in heart rate for the control group was not consistent between subgroups. Full recovery from breath holding was identified for minute ventilation after 25s of recovery from breath holding for all groups. Results suggest synchronized swimmers exhibited a better adaptation to breath holding while exercising underwater.
运动如花样游泳中的锻炼和水中闭气可能会引起潜水反应的生理后果。本研究的目的是调查在经过闭气训练的花样游泳运动员和未经训练的女性在水下手臂划动中闭气时的生理反应，并比较这些反应。每个参与者在水中进行 6 次闭气（2×10s、2×20s 和 2×25s），两次之间有 2 分钟的正常呼吸，按升序或降序进行，同时进行手臂旋转运动。手臂旋转运动的强度设定在个体通气阈值以下。花样游泳运动员和对照组在坐高上相匹配，然后随机分为两组：一组从最长的（25s）闭气期开始闭气，另一组从最短的（10s）闭气期开始闭气。花样游泳运动员在 20 秒和 25 秒的闭气过程中心率显著下降，但对照组的心率变化在亚组之间并不一致。所有组在 25 秒的恢复期后，分钟通气量从闭气中完全恢复。结果表明，花样游泳运动员在水下运动时对闭气有更好的适应性。
