Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 546 NRC, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Jul;210(4):481-8. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1847-2. Epub 2010 Apr 20.
Cocaine use during pregnancy is associated with alterations in the dopamine (DA) system in the fetal brain. However, little is known about the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on the postnatal dopaminergic system.
The objective of the study was to examine DA receptor function in adult monkeys that were prenatally exposed to cocaine.
Male and female rhesus monkeys (approximately 13 years old) that had been prenatally exposed to cocaine (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) were used in all studies. First, DA D2-like receptor availability was assessed using positron emission tomography and the D2-like receptor radiotracer [(18)F]fluoroclebopride (FCP). Next, D(3) receptor function was assessed by measuring quinpirole-induced yawning (0.03-0.3 mg/kg). Finally, D1-like receptor function was examined by measuring eye blinking elicited by the high-efficacy D1-like receptor agonist SKF81297 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg).
There were no differences between groups or sexes in D2-like receptor availability in the caudate nucleus, putamen or amygdala. However, quinpirole elicited significantly more yawns in prenatally cocaine-exposed monkeys compared with control monkeys. A significant correlation between gestational dose of cocaine and peak effects of quinpirole was observed. In all monkeys, administration of SKF81297 elicited dose-dependent increases in eye blinks that did not differ between groups.
These findings suggest that prenatal cocaine exposure can have long-term effects on DA D(3) receptor function in adults.
孕期可卡因使用与胎儿大脑中的多巴胺（DA）系统改变有关。然而，对于产前可卡因暴露对产后多巴胺能系统的影响知之甚少。
本研究旨在研究产前接触可卡因的成年猴子的 DA 受体功能。
使用了 10 只产前接触可卡因的雄性和雌性恒河猴（大约 13 岁）和 10 只对照（n = 10）进行了所有研究。首先，使用正电子发射断层扫描和 D2 样受体放射性示踪剂 [(18)F]氟丙匹啶（FCP）评估 DA D2 样受体的可用性。接下来，通过测量喹吡罗诱导的哈欠（0.03-0.3 mg/kg）来评估 D3 受体功能。最后，通过测量高效能 D1 样受体激动剂 SKF81297（0.3-3.0 mg/kg）引起的眨眼来检查 D1 样受体功能。
纹状体、苍白球和杏仁核中的 D2 样受体可用性在组间或性别间没有差异。然而，与对照组相比，产前可卡因暴露的猴子中喹吡罗诱发的哈欠明显更多。在所有猴子中，给予 SKF81297 诱发的眼眨眼呈剂量依赖性增加，组间无差异。
这些发现表明，产前可卡因暴露可能对成年人大脑中的 DA D3 受体功能产生长期影响。
