Banks Matthew L, Czoty Paul W, Negus Sidney S
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
ILAR J. 2017 Dec 1;58(2):202-215. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilx014.
Substance use disorders (i.e., drug addiction) constitute a global and insidious public health issue. Preclinical biomedical research has been invaluable in elucidating the environmental, biological, and pharmacological determinants of drug abuse and in the process of developing innovative pharmacological and behavioral treatment strategies. For more than 70 years, nonhuman primates have been utilized as research subjects in biomedical research related to drug addiction. There are already several excellent published reviews highlighting species differences in both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics between rodents and nonhuman primates in preclinical substance abuse research. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight three advantages of nonhuman primates as preclinical substance abuse research subjects. First, nonhuman primates offer technical advantages in experimental design compared to other laboratory animals that afford unique opportunities to promote preclinical-to-clinical translational research. Second, these technical advantages, coupled with the relatively long lifespan of nonhuman primates, allows for pairing longitudinal drug self-administration studies and noninvasive imaging technologies to elucidate the biological consequences of chronic drug exposure. Lastly, nonhuman primates offer advantages in the patterns of intravenous drug self-administration that have potential theoretical implications for both the neurobiological mechanisms of substance use disorder etiology and in the drug development process of pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders. We conclude with potential future research directions in which nonhuman primates would provide unique and valuable insights into the abuse of and addiction to novel psychoactive substances.
物质使用障碍（即药物成瘾）是一个全球性且隐匿的公共卫生问题。临床前生物医学研究在阐明药物滥用的环境、生物学和药理学决定因素以及开发创新的药理学和行为治疗策略的过程中发挥了不可估量的作用。70多年来，非人灵长类动物一直被用作与药物成瘾相关的生物医学研究的实验对象。已有几篇优秀的综述强调了在临床前药物滥用研究中啮齿动物和非人灵长类动物在药效学和药代动力学方面的物种差异。因此，本综述的目的是突出非人灵长类动物作为临床前药物滥用研究对象的三个优势。第一，与其他实验动物相比，非人灵长类动物在实验设计方面具有技术优势，这为促进临床前到临床的转化研究提供了独特的机会。第二，这些技术优势，再加上非人灵长类动物相对较长的寿命，使得可以将纵向药物自我给药研究与非侵入性成像技术相结合，以阐明长期药物暴露的生物学后果。最后，非人灵长类动物在静脉注射药物自我给药模式方面具有优势，这对物质使用障碍病因学的神经生物学机制以及物质使用障碍药物治疗的药物开发过程都具有潜在的理论意义。我们最后提出了未来潜在的研究方向，在这些方向上，非人灵长类动物将为新型精神活性物质的滥用和成瘾提供独特而有价值的见解。
