School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Med J Aust. 2010 Apr 19;192(8):432-7. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03580.x.
To examine the changes in rates of methods of suicide in Australian states and territories between 1988 and 2007.
Meta-analysis of suicide mortality rates and suicide methods (hanging, shooting, gassing, poisoning, jumping from a height, drowning, use of a sharp implement) for males and females in Australian states and territories in the decades 1988-1997 and 1998-2007.
Changes in use of suicide methods from 1988 to 2007; changes in the overall suicide rates and in rates for each method of suicide in Australian states and territories between 1988-1997 and 1998-2007.
There was a decline in rates of shooting, gassing, poisoning and drowning in males and a decline in shooting, gassing, jumping from a height and drowning among females, but an increase in hanging by both males and females in the decade 1998-2007 when the compared to 1988-1997. There was significant variation in the rates of and trends in methods of suicide between the states and territories of Australia between 1988-1997 and 1998-2007.
The decline in rates of suicide in most parts of Australia coincides with a reduction in the availability of lethal methods. Consideration should be given to further measures to limit the availability of lethal methods of suicide.
研究 1988 年至 2007 年间澳大利亚各州和地区自杀方法的变化率。
对澳大利亚各州和地区 1988-1997 年和 1998-2007 年男性和女性自杀死亡率和自杀方法（上吊、开枪、毒气、中毒、跳楼、溺水、使用利器）的元分析。
1988 年至 2007 年自杀方法的使用变化；1988-1997 年和 1998-2007 年澳大利亚各州和地区自杀总发生率以及每种自杀方法发生率的变化。
在 1998-2007 年期间，男性枪击、毒气、中毒和溺水的发生率下降，女性枪击、毒气、跳楼和溺水的发生率下降，但男女上吊的发生率都有所上升。与 1988-1997 年相比，1998-2007 年澳大利亚各州和地区之间的自杀方法率和趋势存在显著差异。
澳大利亚大部分地区自杀率的下降与致命方法的可获得性减少相一致。应考虑采取进一步措施限制自杀致命方法的获得。
