Reid M E
Laboratory of Immunohematology, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Immunohematology. 2009;25(3):95-101.
The MNS blood group system is second only to the Rh blood group system in its complexity. Many alloantibodies to antigens in the MNS system are not generally clinically significant although antibodies to low-prevalence and high-prevalence MNS antigens have caused hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. The MNS antigens are carried on glycophorin A (GPA), glycophorin B (GPB), or hybrids thereof, which arise from single-nucleotide substitution, unequal crossing over, or gene conversion between the glycophorin genes. Antigens in the MNS system are fully developed at birth. This review summarizes aspects of the MNS system, including the molecular basis of some antigens in the MNS blood group system. Readers are referred to existing excellent reviews for background information. Throughout this document, information given without references can be found in the reviews listed previously, and the reader is referred to these reviews for references to original reports.
MNS血型系统的复杂性仅次于Rh血型系统。MNS系统中许多针对抗原的同种抗体通常在临床上并不重要，尽管针对低频率和高频率MNS抗原的抗体可导致胎儿和新生儿溶血病。MNS抗原存在于血型糖蛋白A（GPA）、血型糖蛋白B（GPB）或它们的杂合体上，这些杂合体由血型糖蛋白基因之间的单核苷酸取代、不等交换或基因转换产生。MNS系统中的抗原在出生时就已完全发育。本综述总结了MNS系统的各个方面，包括MNS血型系统中一些抗原的分子基础。读者可参考现有的优秀综述以获取背景信息。在本文中，未引用参考文献的信息可在之前列出的综述中找到，读者可参考这些综述获取原始报告的参考文献。
