Wong Jonathan P, Christopher Mary E, Viswanathan Satya, Schnell Glen, Dai Xiaojiang, Van Loon Donald, Stephen Eric R
Defence R&D Canada-Suffield, Box 4000 Station Main, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1A8K6, Canada.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Apr;4(2):171-7. doi: 10.1586/ers.10.15.
Influenza is primarily a respiratory tract infection involving the exacerbation and inflammation of the respiratory tract, which can progress to life-threatening pneumonia, hypercytokinemia, edema, acute lung injury, respiratory failure and death. Viral mutations and drug resistance are the leading challenges in influenza prevention and treatment. Aerosol inhalation provides rapid availability and sustained therapeutic levels of antiviral drugs in the respiratory tract, without causing a systemic burden to unaffected tissues and organs. Furthermore, aerosol delivery enhances the bioavailability of antiviral drugs with poor oral adsorption. Nasal spray delivery of vaccines provides a safe and needle-free means of vaccination, and contains live-attenuated virus that induces mucosal immunity and provides long-lasting immunity relative to injectable inactivated vaccines. Since influenza is a disease with respiratory clinical manifestations, specific delivery of antiviral drugs or vaccines to the respiratory tract may represent a safe and effective approach to combat influenza.
流感主要是一种涉及呼吸道加剧和炎症的呼吸道感染，可发展为危及生命的肺炎、高细胞因子血症、水肿、急性肺损伤、呼吸衰竭和死亡。病毒突变和耐药性是流感预防和治疗中的主要挑战。气溶胶吸入可使抗病毒药物在呼吸道迅速起效并维持治疗水平，而不会给未受影响的组织和器官带来全身负担。此外，气溶胶给药可提高口服吸收差的抗病毒药物的生物利用度。鼻喷式疫苗接种提供了一种安全且无需注射的接种方式，并且含有减毒活病毒，相对于注射用灭活疫苗，它可诱导黏膜免疫并提供持久免疫力。由于流感是一种具有呼吸道临床表现的疾病，将抗病毒药物或疫苗特异性递送至呼吸道可能是对抗流感的一种安全有效的方法。
