Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010 Jun;23(3):236-41. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328338c135.
The leading causes of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in children, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae, are vaccine preventable. This study reviews the status of vaccine use globally and the evidence base that supports policy recommendations for use of these vaccines in children.
Recently, there have been substantial increases in the uptake of Hib and pneumococcal vaccines worldwide. These programs are supported by recent policy recommendations by the World Health Organization and an evidence base that includes recently published country-specific disease burden estimates, meta-analyses of vaccine efficacy, and cost-effectiveness analyses.
The introduction of Hib and pneumococcal vaccines is progressing worldwide and at a rate generally faster than that observed with hepatitis B vaccines. Efforts to expand the serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines and to monitor the impact of Hib and pneumococcal vaccines and to assure financing obstacles, especially in lower middle-income countries, are required.
综述目的：导致儿童细菌性脑膜炎和肺炎的主要病原体——乙型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）和肺炎链球菌（Spn）——均可通过疫苗进行预防。本研究对全球疫苗使用情况以及支持这些疫苗在儿童中使用的政策建议的证据基础进行了回顾。
最新发现：最近，全球 Hib 和肺炎球菌疫苗的接种率大幅上升。这些计划得到了世界卫生组织最近的政策建议以及证据基础的支持，这些证据包括最近公布的针对特定国家的疾病负担估计、疫苗效力的荟萃分析以及成本效益分析。
总结：Hib 和肺炎球菌疫苗的推广在全球范围内正在取得进展，其速度通常比乙肝疫苗更快。需要努力扩大肺炎球菌疫苗的血清型覆盖范围，并监测 Hib 和肺炎球菌疫苗的影响，以确保融资障碍，特别是在中低收入国家。
