Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior-Division of Substance Abuse, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Addict Dis. 2010 Apr;29(2):139-63. doi: 10.1080/10550881003684640.
Scientific findings show that substance abuse in women yields a higher risk of a variety of health problems than substance abuse in men. Research suggests that women experience addiction telescoping when they abuse alcohol, tobacco, specific stimulants, and possibly opioids. Medical side effects also develop more rapidly in women than men when they abuse many substances. Cancer and cardiac complications, specifically, pose a significant threat for women who abuse almost all types of substances. However, the physical consequences are not the only ones women suffer when they engage in substance abuse. Research on substance abuse in women ties opioids to mood and anxiety disorders, heroin to neurological deficiencies, cocaine to immune system suppression, and alcohol to intimate partner abuse. Additionally, female substance abusers, on average, have a lower level of education and lower rates of employment. In light of these gender-specific concerns, physicians should give particular consideration to detecting substance abuse in women.
科学研究发现，女性滥用药物比男性更容易产生各种健康问题。研究表明，女性在滥用酒精、烟草、特定兴奋剂，可能还有阿片类药物时，更容易出现成瘾加速现象。当女性滥用许多物质时，她们的医疗副作用也比男性发展得更快。特别是癌症和心脏并发症对滥用几乎所有类型物质的女性构成重大威胁。然而，当女性滥用药物时，她们不仅会遭受身体上的后果。对女性滥用药物的研究将阿片类药物与情绪和焦虑障碍联系起来，将海洛因与神经缺陷联系起来，将可卡因与免疫系统抑制联系起来，将酒精与亲密伴侣虐待联系起来。此外，女性药物滥用者的受教育程度通常较低，就业率也较低。鉴于这些特定于性别的问题，医生应该特别注意检测女性的药物滥用情况。
